Virtualisation

One KVM kernel module beneath five different management stacks

Proxmox VE Is Not a Hypervisor — KVM Is, and You Are Already Running It

“Is Proxmox enterprise grade?” is a question about the hypervisor, and Proxmox VE does not contain one. The hypervisor is KVM — the same kernel module underneath EC2, Google Cloud, Alibaba Cloud, Nutanix AHV and OpenShift Virtualisation. What Proxmox really maintains, why the type 1 argument is aimed at the wrong line, and what the shared foundation does not buy you.

Two CPU sockets with a DMA path crossing the inter-socket link between them

NUMA Alignment on Proxmox VE — Why It Matters and How to Get It Right

On multi-socket systems, a VM with its vCPUs on one NUMA node and its passed-through device on another loses 20–30% throughput before you’ve even looked at anything else.

A flat 1996-era PCI bus beside a 2007-era PCIe root complex

Always Use Q35, Not i440fx — Why It Matters on Proxmox VE

The two QEMU virtual chipsets are not interchangeable. Q35 provides a proper PCIe topology that passthrough, modern Windows, and the wider KVM ecosystem all depend on.