Reform UK says it is the party of ordinary working people who have been let down. So I did what I do with any claim like that. I read what the party has actually written down, what its people have said on the record, what the registers show about who pays for it, and what the courts, regulators and journalists have found. Then I put it side by side.
This is an opinion piece, and it argues hard. But every fact in it carries a numbered source at the foot of the page, and where the record stops short of something, I say so. Where a court or regulator found in Reform’s favour, that is in here too. A case that hides the bits that cut against it is not a case.
Question is, who is Reform actually for? Start with what it would do to people who already live here.
Rescind, Reapply, Or Leave
Indefinite leave to remain is the status people get after years of living and working here legally. It is what lets a nurse, an engineer or a care worker stop renewing a visa and get on with life. Reform would take it off them.
Not just stop new awards. Take it off people who already have it. That is the party’s own wording, in its own policy paper from April 2026:
“Reform will abolish ILR as an immigration category completely, meaning no new awards and those currently holding it will have it rescinded… Anyone currently with ILR will need to reapply for visas that do not offer recourse to welfare.”1
Its policy page says the same thing in fewer words: “abolish ILR and rescind existing awards”, a “5 year renewable visa” with “higher salary thresholds”, and “no recourse to benefits for foreign nationals”2.
| What happens to someone settled here | Reform’s own words |
|---|---|
| Their settled status | “rescinded”1 |
| What they must do | “reapply for visas that do not offer recourse to welfare”1 |
| The visa they can reapply for | “5 year renewable”, with fluency and “good character” tests2 |
| The salary they will need | thresholds “above median UK earnings”1 |
| What that threshold is | not set: “determined based on net fiscal cost modelling close to the general election”1 |
| Who is exempt | BN(O) visa holders, the Ukrainian schemes, EU settled status “initially”1 |
Read that table as somebody who has lived here for ten years. You pay income tax, National Insurance and council tax. You may have a mortgage and children in the local school. Under this plan your right to stay ends, and whether you can earn it back depends on a salary line the party will not tell you until just before the election. If you earn under the median, which half of all workers do by definition, your route back is already narrower than the one you came in on.
Above median earnings is an easy bar to set when it will never apply to you. This is a party that takes three pounds in every four from donors living abroad, whose leader took £5 million as a personal gift3 and £135,000 for four hours promoting gold4. Nobody setting that threshold will ever have to clear it. The care worker on less than the median will.
And the “good character” test in that visa is worth holding up against the people who wrote it. I do that near the end.
The party’s own paper concedes the point that should stop this cold. It describes “skilled workers being the only group to remain fiscally contributory over the course of their lifetimes”1. These are the people who pay in more than they take out, by Reform’s own reckoning, and the plan puts every one of them back on a renewable visa.
To be fair to the paper, removal is not automatic. Somebody who meets the new tests can stay. But nobody has published how many working, tax-paying people would fail them, Reform included, and no independent body has costed the plan at all.
The numbers they used to sell it
The first headline number was £234 billion, quoted by Farage in 2025 as what “our changes will save British taxpayers”. Full Fact found it was not a benefits figure at all, and the think tank whose research it came from said “the overall cost estimates should no longer be used”5.
So the April 2026 paper uses a new one, £622 billion. That is Reform’s own modelling, not anybody independent, and the paper itself gives a second figure two lines later: “£154 bn if discounted at the 3.5% rate suggested by the HM Treasury Green Book”1. The Green Book is how the Treasury says every public cost should be counted. On the government’s own method, the headline shrinks by three quarters.
Can I ask why a party that claims to be straight with people leads with the number its own paper says is the wrong way to count?
The Benefit Bill They Will Not Touch
Reform says it will cut the benefit bill, and in August 2026 it published the plan. It would stop Universal Credit, Jobseeker’s Allowance, Child Benefit, free childcare, Housing Benefit, Pension Credit and disability benefits for anybody who is not a British citizen6. The headline is a £50 billion a year saving7.
Look at where the benefit bill actually goes before deciding what that means.
Nearly half of all benefit spending is the State Pension: £146 billion of £309 billion in 2025/268. Reform pledged on 2nd April 2026 to keep the Triple Lock9, after months in which Farage said “It’s open for debate” and Tice said “we’re not guaranteeing the triple lock”9. On the day the welfare plan launched, the party said “nothing that we talk about today is about pensioners”10.
So the State Pension is safe. Say that plainly, because I went looking for a Reform plan to cut it and there is not one. As the pension post on this site sets out, the State Pension is paid for by the people in work today.
Which brings us to the arithmetic. If the pension is off the table, the £50 billion comes out of everything else. The Institute for Fiscal Studies did the sum: Reform plans “to save around £50 billion a year, almost entirely from a working-age benefits bill that, in 2030–31, is forecast to be a little over £200 billion”7.
| Who it falls on | What the record shows |
|---|---|
| Pensioners on the State Pension | protected, Triple Lock kept9 |
| Poor pensioners who are not British citizens | lose Pension Credit, which is on the citizens-only list6 |
| Non-citizens on Universal Credit | about 1.3 million, of whom 650,000 are not in work7 |
| Non-citizens on Universal Credit who are in work | the other 650,000 or so, on the IFS figures: working, taxed, and losing the top-up anyway |
| What the IFS expects for them | “large overnight cuts to claimants’ incomes” and “significant increases in hardship”7 |
| Disabled people on PIP | the Personal Independence Payment scrapped for a “health security allowance” that could exclude up to two-thirds of current recipients11 |
| Long-term claimants judged fit to work | 20 hours a week of community work, or lose the money11 |
| Somebody of working age who has paid NI for decades | loses settled status, loses benefits, and nothing in the documents protects the pension they have built up while they are still under pension age |
That last row is my reading of the two documents together, not something Reform has said. But it is where they lead. Reform’s FAQ says foreign nationals “of pension age who’ve made sufficient National Insurance Contributions” keep their right to live here and their State Pension2. Reach pension age and you are safe. Be forty-five, with twenty years of contributions, and you are on a renewable visa with no safety net.
The ones already in work
Here is the part the word “benefits” is meant to hide. Universal Credit is not an out-of-work payment. In April 2026, 3.1 million people on it were in work, 37.7% of everybody claiming it12. They go to work, they pay income tax and National Insurance on what they earn, and the Universal Credit tops up wages too low to live on.
Do the sum on Reform’s own target group. The IFS puts non-citizens on Universal Credit at about 1.3 million, with 650,000 of them not in work7. Take one from the other and roughly 650,000 are working. Reform’s plan stops their Universal Credit, their Housing Benefit, their Child Benefit and their free childcare6, and the childcare is the thing that lets a parent on low pay go to work at all.
Can I ask who that saves money for? Not the taxpayer. A worker who loses the top-up either takes on more hours that do not exist, or stops working and costs more, or leaves and takes the tax and the labour with them. The people it does suit are the ones paying wages so low the state has to make them up. Reform does not touch the low pay. It touches the worker.
It is a plan that protects the voters most likely to turn out and puts the whole bill on people of working age, in work or out of it. Plenty of them are paying for the pensions it protects.
Promises That Do Not Add Up
We know how Reform’s pledges hold up, because they have made enough of them to check. Here is the record, pledge by pledge:
| The pledge | What happened to it |
|---|---|
| 2024 manifesto: about £90bn a year of tax cuts | the IFS: “the sums in this manifesto do not add up”, out “by a margin of tens of billions of pounds per year”13. Tice in October 2025: “A manifesto is based on a point in time.”14 |
| £234bn saved by scrapping settled status | the think tank behind it: “should no longer be used”5 |
| £622bn in its place | Reform’s own modelling. On the Treasury’s own method, £154bn1 |
| Deport up to 600,000 people for £10bn | the party’s own breakdown, £4bn plus £1.5bn plus £2bn, comes to £7.5bn, and nobody has squared the two15 |
| £50bn a year off welfare | the IFS: almost all of it from working-age support, and “How much this saves would depend on how many of this group became citizens in response”716 |
| Energy bills cut by £200, then £150, then £250 | the figure moved three times in a year17182, and the policy page says the cost moves “to the Treasury”, so you pay it in tax instead of on the bill2 |
| “Reform Councils will freeze, then cut your council tax bills” | not one did. Reform-run councils raised it by 3.94% on average19 |
| £40m of net zero savings in Kent | the council later called them “forward-looking assumptions”, and no auditor has signed them off20 |
| The Triple Lock | “we’re not guaranteeing the triple lock”, then a guarantee in April 20269 |
Two of those Reform got right in part, and fair is fair. Its councils did put council tax up by less than the national average of 4.86%19, and keeping the Triple Lock is a real commitment. But a pledge that changes every time somebody checks the sums is not a plan. It is a sales pitch, and the people it is selling to are the ones who will pay when it does not add up.
And it is not only the sums that move. Line up what the party and its people have said, and when:
| Then | Later |
|---|---|
| EU settled status holders exempt from the benefits plan, September 202521 | foreign nationals including EU citizens stripped of benefits, August 20266 |
| the Triple Lock “open for debate”9 | guaranteed, April 20269 |
| a £90bn manifesto | “A manifesto is based on a point in time”14 |
| Jenrick: “put Reform out of business”22 | Reform’s chancellor-in-waiting23 |
| Farage not standing in 2024 | standing, weeks after a £5m personal gift3 |
| Putin, admired “as an operator”24 | Putin, “a very bad dude”25 |
People change their minds, and a politician who never does is worse. But a party whose positions move with whatever the last poll, the last donor or the last bad headline needed is not telling you what it will do. It is telling you what it thinks will get it in. My view, on that record, is that Reform will say whatever it takes to win power, and you will find out what it actually believes afterwards.
Who Owns Reform
Most British parties are clubs. Labour and the Conservatives are unincorporated associations owned, in effect, by their members. Reform was a company with shareholders, and its leader owned most of it.
The Companies House record for the company that began as The Brexit Party Limited, later Reform UK Party Limited, shows who held it26:
| Who | Control | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| Catherine Blaiklock | “significant influence or control” | 23rd November 2018 | 3rd May 2019 |
| Nigel Farage | “More than 50% but less than 75%” of shares, plus the right to appoint directors | 8th May 2019 | 19th February 2025 |
| Richard Tice | “More than 25% but not more than 50%” of shares | 1st May 2019 | 19th February 2025 |
| A new company limited by guarantee | 75% or more | 19th February 2025 | now |
Tice’s share notice was filed on 15th August 2024, five years after the date it records26.
On 20th February 2025 the party chairman announced: “Nigel Farage has handed over ownership of Reform UK to its members. Reform UK is now a non-profit, with no shareholders, limited by guarantee.”27
Half of that is true. There are no shareholders now. The shares in the old company went to the new one for £15, and £2.97 million of net assets went across for £1, so nobody made a windfall on the way out28. Give them that.
But “handed over ownership to its members” is not what the new company’s own audited accounts say. Note 20: “The company has two members, who have equal voting rights. Neither member has individual control of the company and, accordingly, there is no ultimate controlling party.”28
Two members. In company law, the people who own and control a company limited by guarantee are its members, and this one has two. The accounts do not name them. The people paying a membership fee are not members of the company that runs the party. Between them they paid £4.5 million into it in 202528, and they do not control it. As such, “handed over ownership to its members” describes something the filing does not.
Who it answers to
A political party that is a club answers to its members, because the members are the club. A company answers to the people who control the company, and that is the point to hold on to. When the new company was set up, its two guarantors were Farage and the then chairman, Zia Yusuf29. Yusuf left the board in June 2025, and Farage is still a director30. The accounts do not say who the two members are now.
Byline Times obtained the party constitution adopted in September 202531. Here is what it gives the people paying the subs, against what it keeps at the top:
| What members get | What the leader keeps |
|---|---|
| Conference motions | advisory only, the Board just has to discuss them |
| Ballots in internal elections | at the Board’s absolute discretion, under Article 4.3 |
| 3 of 8 Board seats, elected | 3 seats he appoints, plus himself and a chairman he appoints and can sack |
| A no-confidence vote in the leader | needs written requests from 50% of members, about 135,000 people, checked by his own chairman, then decided by the Board he sits on |
| Board meetings, ordinarily twice a year | between them “all powers of the Board are delegated to the party leader who may exercise those powers at his discretion” |
Every row in that table comes from the same document, and Byline Times had to obtain a copy to report it31. Ben Habib, Reform’s own former deputy leader, said it “puts Farage’s leadership in a virtually unassailable position”32.
Can I ask what a member of Reform can actually do if the leader gets it wrong? Write a letter, and get 134,999 others to write one too, to a man he appointed. That is not accountability, it is a suggestion box. A party that wants to run the country should at least be answerable to its own members. This one is answerable to its leader.
It was built as a company owned by the man who led it, and for six years it was exactly that26. Nobody is drawing dividends now, and I will not pretend they are. But a company run by a handful of people, with paying customers instead of members, is a business model, not a democracy. The money is made around it, not out of it, as the next sections show.
The Money Comes From Abroad
Reform is funded overwhelmingly by people who do not live here.
The Electoral Commission register records every donation over the reporting threshold, who gave it and when. It does not record where donors live, so residence comes from the reporting. Taking the six donors reported as living abroad, here is the share of Reform’s money that came from them3334:
Two names carry nearly all of it.
| Donor | Where he lives | On the register to Reform and the Brexit Party | Announced in September 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christopher Harborne | Thailand since the 1990s, a Thai national since 20113536 | £25.19m33 | £36m37 |
| Ben Delo | Hong Kong until 202638 | £8m33 | £36m37 |
That is £72 million in two days in September, from two crypto billionaires, into one party. Tice said Delo paid it up front “so that the Labour Party can’t legislate against it”37.
Every one of those donations was legal, and that needs saying clearly. A British citizen on the UK electoral register is a permissible donor wherever they live, and both men are British citizens. Channel 4 reported that Harborne “specifically re-registered as a UK resident to cast his vote for the Brexit referendum whilst declaring just a few months later in a UK company documents that he lived in Thailand”, which experts called a “gaping loophole”35. Gaping, yes. Illegal, no.
When the government moved in March 2026 to cap donations from British citizens living abroad at £100,000 a year39, Delo did not stop giving. He moved country. He had already given £4 million from Hong Kong, and announced he was relocating to Britain so the cap would not apply to him, urging other wealthy expats to do the same38.
Living here and paying tax here will not secure your place under Reform’s immigration plan. Not living here does not stop you funding the party that wrote it.
Representation Without Taxation
There is a phrase for paying tax and getting no say: taxation without representation. Reform’s funding is the reverse. A say, a very large one, from people who do not live with the result.
This is not a new worry, and it is not mine. Parliament dealt with it in 2009. Section 10 of the Political Parties and Elections Act 2009 says a party may not take more than £7,500 from somebody unless they are “resident, ordinarily resident and domiciled in the United Kingdom” for income tax40. Under that rule Harborne could not have given a penny over £7,500.
It has never been switched on. Legislation.gov.uk still lists the section as “Prospective”, which means it “has never come into force”40. Seventeen years and four governments. Then, from 16th January 2024, the old rule that British citizens abroad dropped off the register after fifteen years was abolished, so a citizen can now stay on it, and keep donating, for life41.
The government’s own review of foreign money in politics, the Rycroft Review, laid before Parliament in March 2026, describes the pattern without naming anybody:
“wealthy individuals who have chosen to live abroad in order to have their wealth taxed abroad are nevertheless currently entitled to make unlimited donations to UK political parties. Despite choosing to minimise their contribution to the UK Exchequer, these individuals have the opportunity to make potentially game-changing donations into British politics.”42
And on the risk, it says these donations “pose an additional risk of foreign money leaching into British politics”, because “tracing the source of funds offered by individuals living abroad is more complex than for domestic donations”42.
Why foreign money is treated as a corruption risk
The Council of Europe’s rules on corruption in party funding tell states to “specifically limit, prohibit or otherwise regulate donations from foreign donors”43. Those rules sit in an instrument whose whole title is about corruption. About 63% of countries ban foreign donations to parties outright44. International IDEA, which tracks this, gives the reason in a sentence that could have been written about Reform:
“A party that receives a significant amount of its funds from overseas may be less reliant on generating funds at home, thus weakening the ties between it and the citizens it should represent.”44
There are real convictions where foreign money bought political outcomes. In the US, Lev Parnas was convicted of using a wealthy Russian’s money to make illegal donations45, and Imaad Zuberi got 12 years for funnelling foreign money into campaigns46. Here, a former Reform Wales leader is serving ten and a half years for bribes traced back to a friend of Vladimir Putin, which comes later.
Now the fair side, because it matters. None of those cases involves a British citizen abroad giving legally to a party. The Council of Europe’s own legal advisers say citizens abroad generally “should not be restricted” if they can vote at home47, and the Rycroft Review judged a ban “overly heavy-handed”42. It also found no evidence that the 2024 election was distorted by foreign interference42. Expats have real ties here. Family, pensions, a home they mean to come back to.
So the problem is not who is giving. It is how much.
| Country | Can citizens abroad donate? | Limit |
|---|---|---|
| Ireland | yes | €3,100 a year to a party48 |
| Canada | citizens and permanent residents | C$1,775 a year49 |
| United States | yes | federal contribution limits50 |
| United Kingdom, until March 2026 | yes | none |
Every comparable democracy that lets its citizens abroad give caps what they can give. Until this year, Britain did not. A vote from Bangkok is one voice, the same as mine. £36 million in a day is not a voice. It is a party’s budget.
Who counts as British, and who pays to decide
Put the two halves of this post side by side. Reform is drawing the line on who belongs here ever tighter. Settled status goes. Benefits become citizens only6. When people asked what a settled family should do, a Reform MP suggested they apply for citizenship10. Its candidate in the Gorton and Denton by-election went further: “It takes more than a piece of paper to make somebody ‘British’.”51
Then look at who is paying for the party drawing that line. A man who has lived in Thailand for thirty years and holds Thai nationality36. A man who gave from Hong Kong, then moved here when a cap got in his way38. Their British passports are what make the money legal. On Reform’s own logic, it takes more than a piece of paper.
The nurse who has lived and paid tax here for ten years has to prove she belongs. The donor who left thirty years ago does not, so long as the paperwork is in order. I do not think that is a party for British people. I think it is a party that decides who counts as British, and is paid for by people who do not live here.
What The Donors Trade In
Both big donors say they want nothing in return. Harborne called his £36 million “a philanthropic gift to our country”, and said “My competitive spirit inspired me to match it”52. Farage put it shorter: “You know what Ben Delo and Christopher Harborne want? Nothing.”53
I am not going to tell you what anybody wants. I will set out what they own, what has been found against it, and what Reform has said and done about those exact industries. You can join the dots.
Christopher Harborne
| What he holds | What the record shows |
|---|---|
| Tether, the largest stablecoin | 12%, on his own account in a US defamation case54 |
| QinetiQ, a Ministry of Defence contractor | 14.98%, through a Delaware company55. The MoD extended its £1.5bn testing contract with QinetiQ in May 202556 |
| AML Global, a jet fuel broker | he is its sole person with significant control57. The Guardian reports more than $140m of US military contracts58 |
| Other political giving | about £1.79m to the Conservatives33, and £1m to Boris Johnson’s private office59 |
Tether, the company, has a record of its own. Keep it separate from Harborne, who is a minority shareholder and has not been accused of anything here.
- New York’s Attorney General: “Bitfinex and Tether recklessly and unlawfully covered-up massive financial losses.” They paid $18.5m without admitting wrongdoing60.
- The US commodities regulator fined Tether $41m and found it had enough reserves behind its tokens “for only 27.6% of the days” in a 26-month sample61.
- The UN Office on Drugs and Crime: “USDT on the TRON blockchain has become a preferred choice for crypto money launderers in East and Southeast Asia.”62 Tether disputes it.
- When the National Crime Agency broke a laundering network that bought a bank to help Russia’s war, the Guardian reported the “vast majority” of the crypto seized was issued by Tether, and added “there is no suggestion that Harborne himself is implicated”63.
His lawyers’ answer is that blaming a Tether investor for what users do with its tokens is “akin to claiming the US Treasury is an accomplice in money laundering because it prints the US dollar”63. That is a fair point about Harborne. It is not much of an answer about Tether.
Ben Delo
Delo co-founded BitMEX, a crypto exchange. In 2022 he pleaded guilty in New York to “willfully failing to establish, implement, and maintain an anti-money laundering… program at BitMEX”, and paid a $10m fine “representing pecuniary gain derived from the offense”64.
Wilfully means he knew the duty was there and chose not to meet it. The US Attorney’s own words: “Arthur Hayes and Benjamin Delo built a company designed to flout those obligations; they willfully failed to implement and maintain even basic anti-money laundering policies.” The Department of Justice’s verdict on the result: “As a result of its willful failure to implement AML and KYC programs, BitMEX was in effect a money laundering platform.”64 It filed no suspicious activity report at all between 2014 and 2020, including after it was told in 2018 that hacked funds were going through it64. BitMEX itself was later fined $100m65.
The plea is not a laundering conviction, and he was not charged with laundering anybody’s money himself. In March 2025 Donald Trump pardoned him66. Delo now calls it “a regulatory failing that isn’t even a crime in the UK”67.
What Reform has said and done about their industries
| The donors’ interest | Reform’s position, in its own words or actions |
|---|---|
| Stablecoins, which a state digital pound could undercut | Farage lobbied the Bank of England Governor to drop “Britcoin”, and said he was “prepared to go to prison” to stop it68 |
| Tether | Farage on LBC: Tether “is about to be valued as a $500 billion company”, and Britain should “embrace” it69 |
| The crypto industry | Farage, to a crypto audience: “When it comes to your industry… then I am your champion.”69 |
| Crypto money in politics | “We are the first political party in Britain who can accept donations in bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.”70 |
| Crypto tax | a pledge to cut capital gains tax on crypto from 24% to 10%, and a Bank of England bitcoin reserve70 |
| The cap on overseas donors and the crypto donation ban | Tice: Reform would “overturn it”71 |
| Defence | “incentives and tax breaks to boost the UK defence industry”58 |
Reform says Harborne “had not discussed defence spending, defence policy or foreign policy” with the party58. His lawyers say his business interests are “unconnected in any way whatsoever with his political affiliations”58. I have no evidence otherwise and I am not claiming any. I am pointing at the table.
The £5 Million Gift
On 5th April 2024, according to Harborne’s own lawyers, he gave Nigel Farage £5 million personally72. Weeks later Farage reversed his decision not to stand at the general election3. The gift was not declared. The Guardian revealed it in April 2026.
His explanations came in a sequence:
| When | What Farage said the £5m was |
|---|---|
| April 2026, to the Telegraph | money for his personal security3 |
| May 2026, to the Sun | given on an “unconditional basis”, “a reward for campaigning for Brexit for 27 years”73 |
| July 2026 | something he could “spend on Ferraris”74 |
| August 2026 | “If I’ve made one sin, it’s that I haven’t filled in a piece of paper. I’ve broken no law.”75 |
The Standards Commissioner opened an investigation on 13th May 2026 for “Failure to register an interest”76. On 7th July Farage resigned his seat to force a by-election. The investigation was paused, then reopened on 14th August, the day his re-election was announced75. Complaints have also been made about George Cottrell, Farage’s friend and a convicted fraudster, who the Sunday Times revealed had paid for social media work, accommodation and security before the 2024 election. The Commissioner has not confirmed whether those payments are now part of the inquiry77. Jenrick called the process “a bit of a kangaroo court. It’s a stitch up.”78
There is no finding yet. Farage says no declaration was needed, and he may be right in the end. But read his explanations down that table again. Security, then a reward, then Ferraris. Each one only came out after the last one was being picked apart.
The Donors Nobody Checks
The law asks one question of a company donor: is it registered here and carrying on business here? It does not ask where the money came from, whether the company can afford it, or who is really behind it. Two donors show what passes.
A $10 billion trust, a design firm and Iran
Sasan Ghandehari is an Iranian-born British billionaire, reported to be tax resident in Switzerland and moving his residence to the UK so he can give. His pledge to Reform: “one or two million, it’s going to be more”, and “maybe number two, number three. It’s going to be regular payments.”79 His family’s HP Trust, which he values at about $10 billion, paid £50,482.16 for Farage’s accreditation at Davos in January 202680, the trip on which Farage promised to “fight the globalists”81.
Then there is the firm.
| Interior Architecture Landscape Ltd | |
|---|---|
| What it gave Reform | £200,000 in seven gifts, June to August 202582 |
| What Companies House shows | a landscape architecture firm; controlled since 2021 by John Richard Simpson; before him, from December 2020 to May 2021, by Richard Darby83 |
| What the FT and the Guardian found | the FT: Darby had worked for HP Trust, and the firm was in debt with no evidence of clients; the Guardian: HMRC had brought a winding-up petition against it84 |
| What the Guardian found | Simpson had taken over Orico General Trading, a Dubai company HP Trust owned that shipped telecoms equipment into Iran85 |
| What they say | Ghandehari’s lawyer: the family were clients of the firm but “not responsible for its donations”. The firm: Simpson “exercises genuine control over the company’s affairs” and the gifts came from legitimate British business8485 |
And the project Orico supplied. According to a French arbitration ruling reported by the Guardian, HP Trust’s Ori Group held 49% of an Iranian fibre-optic venture between 2013 and 2016. The other 51% belonged to Astan Quds Razavi, the religious foundation the US sanctioned in 2021 for controlling “major parts” of Iran’s economy for the benefit of the then supreme leader85. Ghandehari’s lawyers say the project was approved by the French and American authorities and meant to widen access to information, that it ended with his family’s assets in Iran seized, and that he has not been to Iran for thirty years. The sanctions came five years after the venture ended, and nothing shows any of the money given to Reform came from Iran.
So I will not say it did. What I will say is this. Farage takes a hard line on Tehran. His Davos pass was paid for by a trust that was in business with the supreme leader’s foundation, and £200,000 reached his party from a firm whose owner wound up that trust’s Dubai supply company. A Labour MP has asked Companies House to look at who really owns it84. Reform wants every immigrant’s papers checked. I can find no public statement from Reform on what it checked about this money.
Firms on the brink
Byline Times found at least seven companies that gave Reform £485,000 between them while facing strike-off, dissolution or obvious financial trouble86. FK Building is the clearest, because its own filings tell the story:
| Date | FK Building Ltd |
|---|---|
| 26th August 2025 | Companies House issues a notice to strike it off the register87 |
| 6th October 2025 | late accounts filed, showing net liabilities of £290,54387 |
| 7th October 2025 | strike-off halted87 |
| 8th October 2025 | gives Reform £100,00088 |
| February 2026 | sister companies FK Group, FK Construction and FK Facades go into administration owing more than £19 million; 54 of the jobs move to Keenan Holdings, owned by Deborah Keenan, reported to be the founder’s daughter86899091 |
| 6th July 2026 | FK Building goes into liquidation; its directors’ own statement shows a £3.1 million shortfall, with £409,647 owed to HMRC92 |
| 16th October 2026 | FK Resolv, the group’s building-safety and remediation business, passes from FK Group to FKR Group Ltd, a company formed on 25th June 2026 and owned by FK Building’s director Francis Anthony Keenan9394 |
The gift was lawful. The Electoral Commission says the donations “are not the subject of an investigation” and has asked for a rule that a donor company must actually be making a profit86. Moving staff and a subsidiary to a family company after an administration is lawful, and the administrators have to account to the creditors for it. But look at where everything ended up. Until the rule changes, a company that cannot pay the taxman can still pay Reform. The creditors, HMRC among them, have the empty companies and a £3.1 million hole. The Keenans have the staff and the remediation business. Reform has the £100,000.
The Profile Pays
Here is where I have to be straight with you, because the obvious story is not quite the true one.
I went looking for the party paying its senior people, and the filings show nowt of the sort. Farage is registered as “Unpaid Leader”4. Tice lent the party about £1 million interest-free and turned £613,000 of it into donations3395. The party sat on a £7.66 million surplus in 202528. Membership money is not shown leaving for anybody’s pocket.
The money is in what the profile earns outside the party. Farage’s own register of interests496:
| Who paid Farage | For | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| GB News | presenting, 2025 | about £330,000 to £370,000 |
| Direct Bullion | “brand ambassador”, 4 hours | £135,000 |
| Direct Bullion | “up to four hours” a month for three months, May 2026 | £270,000 |
| Cameo | personalised videos, 2025 | £62,868 |
| Blockworks, a crypto media firm | 2 hours | £30,000 |
| Club for Growth, Washington | a speech, plus a £9,466 trip to Palm Beach | £27,857 |
Direct Bullion has paid him £685,500 since December 2024, and Byline Times found the gold firm’s marketing tying a Reform government to unrest and urging viewers to buy gold97. His GB News pay goes into his own company, Thorn In The Side Ltd, which the Guardian notes is “not illegal”98. That company has £3.1 million of net assets and pays Farage £10,000 a year to rent him his own studio99.
The Standards Commissioner found he broke the MPs’ code 17 times by registering £384,000 of this late, and accepted it was “inadvertent because of staffing and other administrative issues”100.
Some party money has gone to people close to it. The party’s own spending returns show £440,571 paid to five firms run by insiders and associates. £202,124 went to Oak Hall Studios, run by David Bull, who later became party chairman. Jupiter Visual Communications was paid £125,672 and later gave £50,000 back101102. Nobody has shown any of that work was not done or was overpriced, and I am not saying it was.
So “cash cow” is the wrong picture. The right one is a platform. The party is what makes Nigel Farage worth £135,000 for four hours.
Crypto: Paid To Promote, Voters Pay The Price
The Blockworks fee above was not a one-off. Here is the crypto trade around Reform, from Farage’s own register, the courts and the party’s own papers:
| What | The record | Relationship to Reform |
|---|---|---|
| BTC Inc | paid Farage £7,410 for about 11 hours, September 2025103 | runs the Bitcoin conference where Reform launched its crypto bill104 |
| Blockworks | paid Farage £30,000 for 2 hours, October 2025105 | a crypto media firm paying the party leader |
| Zebu Group | paid Farage £20,000 for 2 hours on 22nd October 2025106 | the same day he told Reuters “not that I’m aware of” when asked if crypto businesses fund Reform107 |
| Stack BTC plc | a company that holds bitcoin; Farage’s company owns about 6.3% of it, bought at 5p and 10p a share108109 | the party leader is a shareholder: “I have long been one of the UK’s few political advocates for Bitcoin” |
| “Farage coin”, “NIG Finance”, “Stonks Finance”, “Trump Mania” | memecoins promoted with his paid Cameo clips, from £72 a clip; every one the Guardian could price lost value afterwards110 | the party leader’s paid endorsements |
| Celsius’s CEL token | a £133 Cameo telling its makers to “fight” for it110. Separately, Celsius’s founder was jailed for 12 years for fraud, and CEL’s price had been propped up “at times” with “customer deposits”111 | the party leader’s paid endorsement |
| Tether | the UN puts US$37 billion of scam losses in East and South-East Asia in a market it says runs on stablecoins; Tether says it has frozen more than $5 billion and works with 340 enforcement agencies112113 | 12% owned by Reform’s biggest donor |
| Reform’s crypto bill | launched at the Bitcoin conference, then taken off the party’s website on 30th May 2026104 | the party’s own policy, withdrawn without explanation |
| Crypto donations | the government’s review warns crypto could “channel foreign money into the political system”; the Electoral Commission says “Reform has not shared any crypto wallet address with us”42114 | the party set up to take them |
Farage’s spokesman says what people do with a Cameo clip afterwards “is clearly outside Mr Farage’s knowledge or control”110, and every fee above was declared. Reform has reported no crypto donations, and the big gifts from Harborne and Delo came in cash. Nobody has found Farage broke a rule.
Now look at who pays. People in this country lost £879.8 million to investment fraud in 2025, an average of £25,612 each, “often representing pension savings”. Those over 60 are the most likely to report it115. In 2024 crypto was the asset in 66 per cent of reports, and people aged 55 to 64 lost the most116. The FCA’s own advice on crypto is one line long: “you should be prepared to lose all your money”117.
So the leader of a party that says it speaks for the pensioner is paid by crypto firms, holds shares in a bitcoin company, and sold clips for coins that went down, while the people losing their pensions to crypto are the age group he claims to stand up for. He does not have to have scammed anybody for that to stink. He only has to keep selling it.
Tice: Property, Tax And A £28,864 Company That Gave £500,000
Richard Tice is Reform’s deputy leader and the MP for Boston and Skegness. Before politics he ran property companies: joint chief executive of the family Sunley Group for 14 years, then chief executive of CLS Holdings from 2010 to 2014118. After that came his own property business, Quidnet.
Quidnet REIT, which he controls, made a £690,000 pre-tax loss in 2025 with its buildings 52% let and £13.4 million of bank debt, and still paid £359,501 in dividends that year and the same again in January 2026119. He takes a quarterly fee from it as an MP120.
On tax, he has told us exactly where he stands:
“How many friends of yours would voluntarily choose to pay more tax than they are legally obliged to do?… Don’t morally or voluntarily give more tax to incompetent, wasteful hard-left, socialist governments.”121
That was his answer to reports that his companies avoided nearly £600,000 of corporation tax through the REIT structure. A second report said about £91,000 was not withheld on dividends paid to him and his Jersey trust. Tice called it a “technicality” and said HMRC got the right amount overall122. There is no HMRC finding against him, and he says all tax was paid.
The company that gave half a million
Britain Means Business Ltd, formerly Leave Means Leave, has Tice as its sole director and controller123. In June 2024 it gave Reform £500,000 in a single week33. Its own filed accounts put its net assets at £28,864 at the end of 2023 and £10,479 at the end of 2024, with one employee123.
| Britain Means Business | Figure |
|---|---|
| Given to Reform, 9th and 11th June 2024 | £500,000 |
| Net assets, end of 2023 | £28,864 |
| Net assets, end of 2024 | £10,479 |
| Given to Reform earlier as Leave Means Leave, March 2020 | £990,000 |
Can I ask where a company worth £28,864 at the end of 2023 found £500,000 six months later? Its accounts do not say. The Electoral Commission referred the donations to the Metropolitan Police in February 2025, and the Met is investigating possible offences under section 61 of the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act, which covers evading the rules on who may donate. Two people have been interviewed under caution and nobody has been arrested124. The reporting says a donor, Fiona Cottrell, gave Britain Means Business £1 million that June and half of it went on to Reform124. Byline Times asks what happened to the rest95. Tice’s answer: “as far as I’m concerned, she’s a permissible donor and that’s the end of it.”125
Tice called the inquiry “a politically motivated smear campaign”126. It had been running for 17 months when he said it.
The company he keeps
| Who | Shared with Tice | What the record shows |
|---|---|---|
| Arron Banks | co-founded Leave.EU; Tice sat on its board 2016 to 2017127 | Leave.EU was fined by the Electoral Commission, cut to £66,000 on appeal. No finding names Tice128 |
| George Cottrell | no shared company | paid a £78,100 loan into Tice’s company Tisun Investments in December 2024. The Standards Commissioner declined to investigate129 |
| Fiona Cottrell | no shared company | gave Reform £750,000 in three gifts33 |
| Nicholas Tribe, Anthony Yiannakis, John Purcell | three or four of his property companies each130 | no donations and no regulatory record. A shared board is only a shared board |
He is also under investigation himself. The Standards Commissioner’s list shows “Richard Tice MP (opened 20 August 2026) Rule 13 Disclosing details in relation to an investigation”76, after he went public on X about an earlier complaint and called the group behind it an “anti semitic anti Israel lobby group”131. No outcome yet.
Jenrick: Out Of Business, Into Office
In August 2024 Robert Jenrick said: “I want to put Reform out of business. I want to make them redundant.”22 In April 2025: “I want to send Nigel Farage back to retirement.”132
On 15th January 2026 Kemi Badenoch sacked him from the shadow cabinet for what she called “irrefutable evidence that he was plotting” to defect133. He joined Reform the same day, said “I want Nigel to be prime minister”, and declined to resign and fight a by-election in Newark134. A month later Reform named him its choice for chancellor23.
| Then | Now |
|---|---|
| “put Reform out of business”22 | Reform’s pick for chancellor23 |
| “send Nigel Farage back to retirement”132 | “I want Nigel to be prime minister”134 |
| a Conservative cabinet minister | “the two main parties are rotten… They both broke Britain”135 |
Nine months. That is how long “out of business” lasted.
Westferry
In January 2020, as Housing Secretary, Jenrick approved Richard Desmond’s Westferry Printworks scheme in east London. His own officials recorded the timing: “SoS is/was insistent that decision issued this week ie tomorrow - as next week the viability of the scheme is impacted by a change in the London CIL regime.”136 The levy change would have cost the scheme about £40 million137. Desmond gave the Conservatives £12,000 two weeks after the approval138. The two had sat together at a fundraising dinner, where, in Jenrick’s words to the Commons, Desmond “did bring out his iPhone and show me some images of the development”136.
When it went to court, Jenrick conceded the decision was “unlawful by reason of apparent bias” and it was quashed138. He said: “We don’t believe there was any bias.”139 No ministerial code finding was ever made and the Prime Minister considered the matter closed136. That is the record: an admission of apparent bias, and no finding of actual bias.
Since
- An Electoral Commission referral about £37,500 given to his 2024 Conservative leadership campaign, allegedly from a foreign source, reached the Met on 6th January 2026, nine days before he defected. The Met is investigating. Jenrick calls the story “entirely false”, the work of “an establishment determined to stop Reform”140. Nobody has been charged.
- He told a dinner that in Handsworth, Birmingham, “I didn’t see another white face. That’s not the kind of country I want to live in”141.
- At Reform’s conference in September 2026 a woman protester was dragged out by her hair and hit. Jenrick: “Oh boohoo… come on, get a life.”142 Then: “He should be given a medal for what he did.”143
- As immigration minister he told the Commons 71% of foreign offenders in detention were claiming to be modern slaves. The head of the UK Statistics Authority said the Home Office’s own figures showed about one fifth144.
Farage In Brussels
Farage spent twenty years as an MEP, from 1999 to 2020, in a Parliament he wanted Britain out of. He was clear about what it paid. In 2009, asked what he had received in expenses and allowances since 1999: “It is a vast sum… I don’t know what the total amount is but - oh lor - it must be pushing £2 million.”145 He paid his wife from his allowances145.
| The record | Source |
|---|---|
| €40,000 docked from his salary from January 2018, money paid to Christopher Adams as his assistant while Adams was UKIP’s national nominating officer, which “cannot be proved by Farage” | Parliament source, the Guardian146 |
| He took part in 37% of votes and ranked 748th of 751 MEPs | VoteWatch, the Guardian146 |
| Two years of office space from Rock Services, an Arron Banks company, declared on 1st July 2019, after it had ended and six weeks after an inquiry into Banks’s support opened | his own declarations147 |
| A chauffeur-driven car, rent on a £4.4m Chelsea house and US trips, reported at up to £450,000 from Banks, never declared | Channel 4 invoices, the Independent148 |
| His only EU court case, against a 10-day penalty for calling the Council president a “damp rag”, thrown out as “manifestly inadmissible” with costs against him | General Court149 |
Each time, his side called it persecution. On the €40,000 his group said there was “a vindictive campaign by the European parliament of selective persecution of Eurosceptic MEPs”146. Farage on the Banks support: “it’s a purely private matter”150. He never challenged the €40,000 in court. The money was recovered.
Fair is fair, though, and one of those complaints won. In 2016 the Parliament demanded the UKIP-dominated European party ADDE repay €172,654.92. In 2019 the EU General Court annulled that decision, because a member of the deciding panel had publicly accused UKIP of “fraudulent manipulation” beforehand, and the court found its impartiality “seriously compromised”151. On that one, “vindictive” was upheld. The party’s foundation, IDDE, did accept that €33,863.50 was ineligible and lost its own court case, after the Parliament referred “serious allegations regarding the establishment of a system whereby donations were received in exchange for the award of contracts” to the EU anti-fraud office152. What the anti-fraud office concluded has not been published.
Putin, Trump And A Bribed Leader
Nathan Gill led Reform in Wales from March 2021. In November 2025 he was jailed for ten and a half years after pleading guilty to eight counts of bribery. The judge found that “The architect of these bribes was Oleg Voloshyn, a former pro-Russian Ukrainian MP”, and that Viktor Medvedchuk, “a close friend of Vladimir Putin”, was “the ultimate source of the requests and the money you received”153. The offences were in 2018 and 2019, while he was a Brexit Party MEP. The court made no finding about Reform, and Reform called his conduct “reprehensible, treasonous and unforgivable”154. Farage called him a “bad apple”25.
Farage’s own words on Putin have moved with the weather:
| When | Farage on Putin |
|---|---|
| 2014 | the world leader he most admired: “As an operator, but not as a human being, I would say Putin.”24 |
| June 2024 | “We provoked this war. It’s – you know, of course it’s [Putin’s] fault, he’s used what we’ve done as an excuse.”155 |
| October 2025 | “Obviously, Putin is a very bad dude”25 |
On Trump the record is steadier. Farage has spoken at fifteen Trump-linked events since the 2024 election by DeSmog’s count, including the Republican convention and CPAC156. He gave evidence to the US Congress in September 2025157 and posted from the Oval Office: “It’s good to be back in the Oval Office.”158 His register shows fees and travel from US conservative bodies such as Club for Growth and Hillsdale College4. Delo, the donor, holds a Trump pardon66.
What the record does not show is US money in the party. No US government or Trump-linked donation is on the register, DeSmog itself says there is “no suggestion” of direct funding, and Elon Musk, after months of talk, gave nothing and then told the world “Farage doesn’t have what it takes”159. There is a live police inquiry into an alleged attempt to bring American money in, which comes later.
Who Else Is In The Room
The donors’ money does not only go into the party. It pays for the leader’s seat at other people’s tables. Here are the trips on the official record, and who paid for them:
| Trip | Who paid | Value | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| Farage to Trump’s second inauguration, January 2025 | Christopher Harborne | £27,616.76 | Electoral Commission160 |
| Farage and two staff to the US, November 2025, “speaking engagement and charity event”, reported to be at Mar-a-Lago | Bassim Haidar, a Reform donor | £54,921.02 | Farage’s register161, DeSmog162 |
| Farage to the UAE, December 2025, “to attend the F1 and for meetings” | the Government of Abu Dhabi and Abu Dhabi F1 | £10,000 | Farage’s register163 |
| Tice to Israel, September 2025, “meetings with President and Foreign Minister” | RFOI Ltd | £6,250 for two | Tice’s register164 |
| A Reform delegation to Israel, November 2025, including the party chairman, a board member and Tice’s chief of staff | the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs | £4,861.27 a head | London Assembly register165, Lancashire Lead166, Novara167 |
That is Washington, Palm Beach, Abu Dhabi and Israel, all within twelve months, and not one of them paid for by the people Reform says it speaks for.
The American room
The MAGA links do not stop at Farage’s speaking diary. Paul Marshall and Legatum, GB News’s owners, also founded and back the Alliance for Responsible Citizenship. Its London conference in February 2025 had Farage as a keynote speaker alongside the US House Speaker Mike Johnson, Trump’s Energy Secretary Chris Wright and Vivek Ramaswamy, with Peter Thiel reported to have joined by video168. A donor list obtained by DeSmog puts Ben Delo on it, next to the Trump donors Ken Griffin and Anthony Pratt169.
And Tether, 12% of it owned by Reform’s biggest donor, is tied into Trump’s government. Cantor Fitzgerald, run by Howard Lutnick, now Trump’s Commerce Secretary, when the deal was agreed, negotiated a stake of about 5%170, and Tether’s new American arm is run by Bo Hines, who came from Trump’s own crypto council171. Those are the company’s ties, not Harborne’s own. But it is his company.
The Israel room
Tice’s trip was paid for by RFOI Ltd, Reform Friends of Israel. It is a private limited company, set up in June 2025 and registered as a public relations business172.
| RFOI Ltd on Companies House | |
|---|---|
| Director and person with significant control, 16th June to 8th December 2025 | Roy Zabludowicz, 75% or more of the voting rights172 |
| His exit | filed on 11th February 2026, two months after the date it records172 |
| Directors since 8th December 2025 | Jason Pearlman and Lois Perry172 |
| Jason Pearlman | media adviser to Israel’s President Rivlin, then deputy director of the Henry Jackson Society from 2018173, then media adviser to President Herzog for two terms174. Farage called his taking the job “a real coup”175 |
| The Henry Jackson Society | Pearlman’s employer from 2018, a transatlantic foreign policy and security think tank173. Its co-founder and executive director, Alan Mendoza, joined Reform in November 2025 as its chief adviser on global affairs, which Farage called “an excellent addition”176177 |
| Lois Perry | UKIP leader from May to June 2024, then from December 2024 executive director of Heartland Institute UK/EU, the European arm of a US climate-denial think tank, launched with Farage as “special guest of honour”178179 |
| Who controls it now | the company files that there is no registrable person172 |
| A Roy Zabludowicz with the same month and year of birth | a director of two Tamares companies, alongside Chaim Zabludowicz180 |
Chaim “Poju” Zabludowicz heads the Tamares Group, founded and chaired BICOM, which lobbies the UK government on behalf of Israel, and has given the Conservatives about £380,000. The family business was built around Soltam, an Israeli defence contractor181. Declassified UK says RFOI’s Roy Zabludowicz “appears to be” his son182, and I will leave it at their wording.
Look at who runs it now. One director came out of Israel’s presidential office, by way of the Henry Jackson Society, whose head is now Reform’s chief adviser on global affairs. The other runs the European branch of an American think tank that Farage helped launch. Reform’s Friends of Israel company is where the Israel room and the American room meet.
So RFOI is another private company. One man controlled it when it paid for the trip, and since he stepped back it files that nobody controls it at all. You can see who flew. You cannot see who paid. I think that is the point of it: a company that exists to hide who is paying for Reform’s trips to Israel. Nothing in its filings gives me a reason to think otherwise.
Two months later the Israeli government paid for a Reform delegation of its own. Novara, citing Declassified UK, puts the ministry’s total spend on that six-day trip at over £50,000, with the Golan Heights on the itinerary167. Lancashire’s Reform council leader went, and a county cabinet meeting was cancelled for it166. So did a Reform member of the London Assembly165. That is a foreign government’s guest list running from the party chairman and its board down to local government at both ends of the country, Lancashire County Hall and City Hall in London.
In June 2026 Tice called the petition behind a Commons debate on pro-Israel influence “antisemitic in its very motivation and at its core”. A complaint that he should have declared the trip before speaking was opened in July183, and on 27th October 2026 the Standards Commissioner upheld it as a breach of the code, judged inadvertent184.
A party that would put a forty-five-year-old care worker on a renewable visa takes its deputy leader’s flights from a company nobody can see into, and its chairman’s from a foreign government. Can I ask who decides foreign policy in a Reform government? Not the voters, on this record.
The Russian room
There is no Russian money on Reform’s register, and I am not going to pretend there is. What there is:
| Matter | What is on record | The other side |
|---|---|---|
| Harborne’s £5m gift to Farage | the Defence Secretary asked Farage to confirm none of it “derived from transactions with Russian state-linked energy companies”, saying the letter’s purpose “is not to make allegations”185 | Harborne’s fuel firm AML Global says it “complied fully with all UK and international sanctions”185 |
| AML Global’s US military fuel contracts | refineries named in them took in more than 62 million tonnes of Russian, Iranian or Venezuelan crude, by Unearthed’s count186 | Unearthed itself says “there is no suggestion that the company has breached UK or international sanctions”186 |
| Tice’s French Riviera stay, August 2025 | £1,400 of hospitality from Lubov Chernukhin, whose husband was Russia’s deputy finance minister until 2004187 | she says the couple have no links to Putin’s regime and has condemned the war187 |
None of that is a finding against anybody, and the right-hand column is there so you can weigh it. Put it next to Nathan Gill and Farage’s “As an operator… Putin”, and it is the Defence Secretary’s phrase that sticks: a party “under a Russian cloud that only transparency can lift”185.
One Russia story you will see repeated about GB News’s owners is false. The claim that Legatum’s founder had links to Russian intelligence was ruled “a complete fabrication” by a US court, and a jury awarded him $8 million against the investigator behind it188. It does not belong in this post or any other.
“We Just Don’t Have British-Resident Donors”
In September 2026 Channel 4 News and Verbatim broadcast an undercover investigation. A reporter posing as the son of a wealthy American met Reform’s head of policy, James Orr, and a senior aide, Dan Jukes, and arranged for a US company to pay for three polls the party had commissioned, about £32,500189190. An actor playing the father was later taken to meet Farage about a much larger donation that would originate in the US189.
Orr, on camera, said the quiet part: “we just don’t have British-resident donors, British entities, that would support us.”190 Farage was filmed saying of one poll: “It worked. Boom.”191
| What happened | When |
|---|---|
| Broadcast | 3rd September 2026 |
| Reform: “a hoax perpetuated by foreign-funded climate-change activists”192 | 4th September |
| Orr and Jukes stood down, and the party chairman said there was “no chance” they would return191 | 4th September |
| The Met: “potential offences requiring investigation”, folded into its existing donations inquiry193 | 9th September |
| Reform’s own inquiry, run by its own barrister and general secretary, found “no breach of electoral law by Reform UK”194 | 7th October |
Farage called it “loose pub talk” and “a clear case of entrapment”195. The party denies wrongdoing, and nobody has been charged. But a party that clears itself through its own officers, while a criminal investigation into the same events is still open, has not cleared anything.
Joining The Dots
Here is the whole thing on one page. Solid lines are on the official record: a register, a filing, a court or regulator finding, or somebody’s own words. Dashed lines are reporting by a named outlet. Allegations get no line at all.
| Link | How we know |
|---|---|
| Legatum, a Dubai firm, and Paul Marshall each own about 40% of GB News, which has lost £131m | Wikipedia196, Left Foot Forward197 |
| GB News pays Farage to present, £585,000 from July 2024 to December 2025 | register of interests4, The New World198 |
| Tice has presented on GB News | The New World198 |
| Marshall and Legatum back the ARC conference, where Farage spoke | Left Foot Forward168, DeSmog169 |
| Harborne pays for Farage’s trip to Trump’s inauguration | Electoral Commission160 |
| Bassim Haidar, a Reform donor, pays for Farage’s US trip, reported to be Mar-a-Lago | Farage’s register161, DeSmog162 |
| The Abu Dhabi government pays towards Farage’s UAE trip | Farage’s register163 |
| A firm run by Howard Lutnick, now Trump’s Commerce Secretary, negotiated a stake in Tether | The Block170 |
| Farage, and treasurer Nick Candy, speak at Trump and MAGA events; Farage at Heartland, which runs a panel at Reform’s conference | DeSmog156 |
| RFOI director Lois Perry runs Heartland UK/EU | DeSmog178 |
| Harborne gives Reform and the Brexit Party £25.19m, plus £36m announced | Electoral Commission register33, BBC37 |
| Harborne gives Farage £5m personally, undeclared | Guardian, his lawyers’ date72 |
| Harborne holds 12% of Tether | his own US court pleading54 |
| Harborne holds 14.98% of QinetiQ, an MoD contractor | stock exchange filing55, MoD56 |
| Farage lobbies against Britcoin and promotes Tether | Guardian68, Byline Times69 |
| Reform pledges crypto tax cuts and to overturn the donation cap | The Block70, Guardian71 |
| Delo gives £8m, plus £36m announced, after moving to beat the cap | register33, Searchlight38 |
| Delo pleaded guilty over BitMEX, pardoned by Trump | US Department of Justice6466 |
| Farage speaks at MAGA events and is paid by US conservative bodies | register of interests4, DeSmog156 |
| Tice’s company, Britain Means Business, gives £500,000 against a balance sheet under £29,000 | register33, Companies House123 |
| The Met investigates donations through that company and the sting | Met statements via PA124193 |
| Gill, a former Reform Wales leader, bribed with money traced to a Putin ally | sentencing remarks153 |
| RFOI Ltd, solely controlled by one man at the time, pays for Tice’s trip to Israel | Tice’s register164, Companies House172 |
| RFOI director Jason Pearlman was deputy director of the Henry Jackson Society, whose head Alan Mendoza became Reform’s chief adviser on global affairs | Henry Jackson Society173, City AM176 |
| The Israeli foreign ministry pays for a Reform delegation to Israel | London Assembly register165 |
| Ghandehari’s HP Trust pays £50,482.16 for Farage’s Davos pass | Farage’s register80 |
| IAL Ltd gives Reform £200,000; a former HP Trust worker controlled it, and its owner took over HP Trust’s Dubai supply company | Electoral Commission82, Companies House83, FT and Guardian8485 |
| FK Building gives Reform £100,000 the day after its strike-off is halted, then goes into liquidation owing HMRC | Electoral Commission88, Companies House8792 |
| The jobs and the remediation business pass to companies owned by the Keenan family | Companies House919493 |
| BTC Inc, Blockworks and Zebu pay Farage £57,410 in fees; his company holds 6.3% of Stack BTC | Farage’s register103105106108 |
Read down the right-hand column. None of it is my opinion. The opinion is what the left-hand column adds up to, and I will give you mine at the end.
“The Bad Apples Are Gone”
In June 2024 Channel 4 filmed a Reform canvasser in Clacton calling Rishi Sunak a racial slur and suggesting migrants be used as “target practice”199. Farage said the man was “an actor by profession”200. Ofcom rejected more than 270 complaints against Channel 4, saying they did “not raise substantive issues warranting further investigation”201, and no evidence that he was a plant was ever produced. Farage then made a promise: “Have we had a few bad apples? We have… the bad apples are gone. We’ll never have them back.”202
Two years later ITV put a reporter inside the party for a year. Its programme, Undercover: A Year in Reform, filmed a Solihull councillor and deputy mayor calling Asian families “absolute parasites” and saying “stick them on planes and f*** them off to Pakistan”, a Bromley councillor calling Black children “like f****** animals”, and an activist saying “you cannot be a Muslim and British… it’s like oil and water”203204. Reform’s answer: “There is no room for racism in Reform UK”, and “a handful of individuals who do not share our values will initially make it through vetting.”205
A handful. Here is what was on record before ITV, every one reported by a mainstream outlet:
| Who | Role | What they said | What happened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ian Cooper | Reform leader of Staffordshire County Council | “No foreign national or first generation migrant should be allowed to sit in Parliament” | membership revoked206 |
| Chris Parry | mayoral candidate | Lammy “must go home to the Caribbean”; later likened a Jewish volunteer group to “Islamists on horseback” | kept on after the first, suspended after the second207 |
| Sarah Pochin | MP | “adverts full of black people, full of Asian people” | Farage called it “ugly”, no action208 |
| Senga Beresford | MSP | replied “yes” to “deport the lot of them”, about Muslims | the Scottish leader: “something fruity in the past”, no action209 |
| Stuart Prior | councillor | posts calling white people “the master race” (he denies the account was his) | expelled210 |
| Glenn Gibbins | Sunderland councillor | Nigerians should be “melted down” to “fill in the pot holes” | suspended, readmitted, then charged by police211 |
And from the top, in the leader’s own words. On Muslims in 2024: “I’m afraid I found some of the recent surveys saying that 46% of British Muslims support Hamas.”212 In March 2026, on a public Ramadan iftar, the event was “the attempt to overtake, intimidate and dominate our way of life”, and “we have to stop this kind of mass demonstration”213.
No court or regulator has found Reform as a party to be racist. Ofcom and Essex Police cleared the 2024 matters, nothing has come of a complaint to the equality regulator, and the Gibbins case is still to be tried211. The allegations about Farage’s schooldays are disputed and he denies them. But the public has made up its own mind: YouGov found 47% of adults think Reform is generally racist, and 69% of adults from ethnic minorities214215.
Suspended For Bigotry, Back By Summer
Suspensions get announced. Readmissions do not. The records show a pattern:
| Who | Suspended for | Came back |
|---|---|---|
| Tom Pickup, Lancashire | a WhatsApp group where a member called for “mass Islam genocide”; his own comments “inappropriate” | whip restored after three months, then made the cabinet member for adult social care216217 |
| Paul Cutts, Doncaster | posts that “targeted the Muslim faith in a derogatory way” | whip restored in about six weeks218 |
| Glenn Gibbins, Sunderland | the Nigerians post | readmitted with a “final written warning”, then charged219211 |
| Ben Rowe, Plymouth | posts saying “the Jews” were “forcing other races on our societies” | readmitted with a “final written warning”219 |
Now compare how the party treats disloyalty. Rupert Lowe, an MP who fell out with the leadership, was suspended, reported to the police by the party and expelled. The Crown Prosecution Service brought no charges220. In Kent, councillors who fell out with their leader after a leaked video were expelled for “undermining the interests of the party”221.
ITV filmed what this looks like from the inside. The party’s communications director, Ed Sumner, told the undercover reporter to be ready to “defend the indefensible”, called a candidate “clearly a racist” and said he expected him to be sacked. Farage’s instruction about the same candidate: “He must apologise to Lammy, if David Lammy’s taken offence.”222 He was kept on. An official, told a councillor had a profile on a white-nationalist dating site: “It’s not a resignation issue, is it?”223
Racist posts get three months and a way back. Disloyalty gets you thrown out. No footage shows anybody saying the suspensions are for show, and I am not claiming one does. The table is enough. A party that disciplined racism the way it disciplines dissent would have had a much shorter table.
Everything Is A Smear
Every one of these stories got the same answer. It was a smear, a hoax, a plant, the establishment. So I counted. Twelve times the party or its senior people dismissed a story on the record, and what happened next:
| Story | What they called it | What happened next |
|---|---|---|
| Clacton canvasser, 2024 | “an actor by profession”200 | removed from the campaign; Ofcom rejected 270+ complaints201 |
| Farage’s £5m gift, 2026 | “There is no case to answer”; “a stitch up”78224 | he admits receiving it and not declaring it; Standards investigation open76 |
| Sunderland councillor, 2026 | Tice: “all of this smearing and this sneering”225 | charged by police and suspended again211 |
| Jenrick’s leadership donation, 2026 | “just a smear… put out by the Conservative Party”226 | Met investigation opened140 |
| The Met donations inquiry, 2026 | Tice: “a politically motivated smear campaign”126 | already open 17 months, two interviewed under caution124 |
| The donations sting, 2026 | “a hoax”, “yet another establishment attack”, “entrapment”192195 | two aides out in a day; Met investigation in five191193 |
| ITV undercover, 2026 | “no depth that the establishment won’t sink to”227 | councillors resigned or suspended228 |
| BBC on Coutts, 2023 | Farage said the bank was “very, very dishonest”229 | he was right: the BBC apologised230 |
| Lowe, 2025 | Lowe: “a sinister attempt to weaponise the criminal justice system against me”231 | he was right: no charges220 |
Three more are unresolved. Seven of twelve stood up at least in part. Two dismissals were right. Not one complaint the party made against a broadcaster has been upheld.
The words repeat across different people and different years: “the establishment”, “plant”, “election interference”. When ITV’s video landed, Reform reported the journalists to the police. The News Media Association called it “a sinister approach that stifles public-interest reporting” and said allegations must not be “used to intimidate journalists or deflect attention from the issues their reporting has exposed”232. The NUJ called it “a thinly-masked Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP) style move”233. Hampshire police said they were reviewing the material, and the Met said it knew of no matching reports232.
Why it works, and why it is not good enough
Research has a name for this. Calling a true story fake gives a politician “the liar’s dividend”234. A study of more than 15,000 people in the American Political Science Review found that false claims of misinformation raise a politician’s support, and do so more than staying silent or apologising would. It also found the tactic largely fails against video evidence235. Which may be why the answer to ITV’s video was the police.
The standard everybody in public office signs up to is the Seven Principles of Public Life. Accountability: holders of public office “must submit themselves to the scrutiny necessary to ensure this”. Honesty: they “should be truthful”236. The MPs’ Code of Conduct is built on them237. Calling something a smear is not a breach the Standards Commissioner can act on, and I am not saying it is. I am saying it is the opposite of submitting to scrutiny.
Farage knows what a real rebuttal looks like, because he has done one. When the BBC got his Coutts story wrong, he got his file from the bank, proved it, and the BBC apologised230. That is how you deal with a smear: with evidence. The Society of Editors put it in one sentence: “If a council believes a report is inaccurate, it should challenge it with evidence.”238 When the evidence is there, it gets produced. When it is not, you get “establishment”.
Why You See So Much Of Them
Reform has five MPs out of 650. You would not know it from the television.
Cardiff University counts what the main evening bulletins cover. Their numbers239240241:
| Measure | Reform | Comparison |
|---|---|---|
| BBC News at Ten bulletins featuring the party, first half of 2025 | 25% | Lib Dems, 72 MPs: 17% |
| Main focus of an item, BBC and ITV at Ten, 2025 | 69 items | Conservatives 45, Lib Dems 14, Greens 4 |
| Most referenced opposition party, September 2025 | Reform, 37 | Conservatives, the official opposition, 25 |
| Farage on ITV News at Ten, September 2025 | 49 references | Badenoch 33, Davey 10 |
The BBC’s reason is the opinion polls241. Fine. Then apply it evenly. The same researchers found the Greens went from 11% to 17% in the polls in the second half of 2025, and their coverage did not move241. A rule that only ever lifts one party is not a rule.
And what that airtime carries is the message, not the record. Most of the findings in this post have been reported somewhere, some of them by the BBC. What nobody on air does is add them up. The usual defence is impartiality, and the BBC’s own rules knock it down: “Achieving impartiality does not preclude making evidence-based judgements or making an editorial judgement to focus scrutiny on a particular position”, and “false equivalence does not achieve impartiality and should be avoided”242. Run the same check on every party, with the same columns and the same standard of evidence, and that is impartial. Not running it on anybody is not neutrality. It just leaves the record untold. And the people left uninformed are the ones Reform’s method depends on, the voters it needs to be easy to lead, who get the slogan every night and the findings never.
It is not new either. Farage has been on Question Time 38 times, almost all of them before he ever sat in the Commons. Every name above him on the all-time list is a long-serving MP or minister, and at 1.9 appearances a year he has the highest rate of any of them243244.
A propaganda channel of its own
Then there is GB News, owned and paid for in large part from Dubai. More on that below. Andrew Neil, who helped set it up, says it now plays the part for Reform that Fox News plays for Trump: “they have turned GB News into the Reform channel”198.
| Reform figure | What GB News gives them |
|---|---|
| Nigel Farage, leader | his own show, £585,000 in fees from July 2024 to December 2025, and his company holds nearly half a million GB News shares198 |
| Lee Anderson, MP | £100,000 a year on top of an MP’s salary for a Friday night show198 |
| Richard Tice, deputy leader | a presenter198 |
| Matt Goodwin | a presenter, who hosted a show on the Gorton and Denton by-election four days before he was announced as Reform’s candidate in it198 |
| Ben Habib and Rupert Lowe, after leaving Reform | the invitations stopped once each started a party of his own245 |
The New World put 20 experienced journalists in front of hours of its output, two to a programme, and found “a systemic use of Reform politicians, candidates and supporters”198. One reviewer called Farage’s own programme “Farage propaganda dressed up as a panel show”198.
So call it what it is. A channel that pays the party’s leader, its deputy leader and one of its MPs to present, books its candidates, drops the people who walk out on it, and puts up one opposing guest to be talked over is not a news channel with a lean. It is a Reform propaganda channel with a broadcasting licence. That is my opinion, and the evidence for it is in the table above.
Owned and paid for from Dubai
Reform talks about Britain for the British. Look at who owns the channel that sells it.
| Owner of All Perspectives Ltd, GB News’s parent | Where | Stake |
|---|---|---|
| Legatum Limited, a private investment firm founded by the New Zealand-born Christopher Chandler | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | about 40%196246 |
| Sir Paul Marshall, hedge fund manager, also owner of The Spectator and UnHerd | London | about 40%196 |
| Executives, editors and presenters, Farage’s company among them | the rest196198 |
The chairman of GB News, Alan McCormick, is a partner at Legatum196. Most of the £60 million raised to launch the channel came from Legatum, Marshall and Discovery196.
And it has never made a profit. It lost £22 million in the year to May 2025, on revenue of £26.2 million, and £131 million since it launched in 2021. The owners put in another £17.7 million that year to keep it on air197247. No business runs at a loss like that for five years to make money. It runs for what it buys.
Now put that next to the law on party donations. A company can only give money to a British political party if it is registered under the Companies Act, incorporated in the UK and carries on business in the UK248. Legatum is none of those. It could not give Reform a single penny.
It does not need to. Money from a firm in Dubai covers the losses of a channel that pays Reform’s leader, its deputy leader and one of its MPs, puts its candidates on air, and spends its evenings on Reform’s subjects. None of that is a donation, so none of it appears on the Electoral Commission’s register. Farage declares his fees as earnings, and that is all the system ever sees4.
I am not saying anybody is laundering money. That is a crime, nobody has been charged with it, and I will not say it. But a route that lets money from abroad reach a party’s leader and its message, with no donation on the register, is exactly the kind of thing that should be investigated and audited, if only to be sure. What I am saying is that the effect is the same, and it is legal. Money the law stops from going in the front door of a party reaches the party’s leader and the party’s message through a television channel, and the donation rules never see it. The chair of the Electoral Commission told MPs the rules are weak and out of date245. This is what weak and out of date looks like.
Can I ask why a party that wants to cap who counts as British, and wants rules on who can stay, has no problem being carried on air by money from the Gulf? The two biggest donors built their lives in Thailand and Hong Kong. Two-fifths of the broadcaster is owned in Dubai. The voters told to put Britain first are the only people in the chain with no say over any of it.
And the regulator? Ofcom fined GB News £100,000 in October 2024 for giving Rishi Sunak an unchallenged platform before an election, citing “the seriousness and repeated nature of this breach”249. GB News took Ofcom to the High Court over Jacob Rees-Mogg’s shows and won in February 2025250. After that, Ofcom dropped its investigation into GB News’s use of Farage245. So the leader of a party leading the polls is paid to present the news, on a channel part-funded from Dubai, and nobody is checking.
Put that next to the rest of this post. The party’s money comes from abroad. Its leader’s income comes from a channel funded partly from abroad. The channel puts the party on air, and the BBC follows the polls that airtime helps build. Nobody has to give an order for any of that to work.
The Same Playbook
None of this is new. It is MAGA’s playbook, and Reform runs it page for page.
The author of that playbook told us who it is for. Celebrating his Nevada win in February 2016, Donald Trump ran through the groups who had voted for him: “We won with highly educated. We won with poorly educated.” Then: “I love the poorly educated!”251 Eight years later the Pew Research Center’s study of verified voters found voters without a college degree backed him by 14 points, while those with a degree backed Harris by 16252.
Britain is no different. At the 2024 election Reform took 23% of the vote among people whose highest qualification is GCSEs or lower, against 8% among graduates253. Two years on it leads with the first group on 40%, and sits fifth among graduates on 14%254.
So I will say it straight. Reform’s vote is built on the people with the least formal education, and its method depends on them being easy to lead. A number they will not check. A scapegoat handed to them ready-made. A cry of smear the moment anybody does check. That is not an accident of who happens to like Farage. It is the business model, the same one Trump said out loud, and the people running it are counting on the people they are using never reading past the headline.
| The MAGA move | Reform’s version |
|---|---|
| The press is “the enemy of the American People”255 | journalists reported to the police, reporters banned from conference232256 |
| Every exposé is “fake news” | every exposé is a “smear”, a “hoax”, a “plant”192200 |
| “Drain the swamp” while billionaires fund it | “the establishment” while two crypto billionaires fund it37 |
| A pardon for a crypto boss | the crypto boss bankrolling Reform holds that pardon66 |
| Crypto as a cause | “When it comes to your industry… then I am your champion”69 |
| A big number, never mind if it adds up | £234bn, then £622bn, then £154bn on the Treasury’s own method51 |
Farage has spoken at fifteen Trump-linked events since he was elected in July 2024, by DeSmog’s count, and told CPAC’s new British branch in July 2026 “I’ve spoken at over 10 CPACs in America”156. Here is the list:
| When | Where | What it is |
|---|---|---|
| July 2024 | Milwaukee | the Republican National Convention |
| August 2024 | Arizona | Arizona Liberty Network |
| September 2024 | Chicago | Heartland Institute’s 40th anniversary fundraiser, as keynote |
| November 2024 | Pennsylvania | a Trump campaign rally |
| December 2024 | London | the launch of Heartland UK/EU, run by Lois Perry of RFOI |
| December 2024 | New York | New York Young Republicans Club |
| February 2025 | London | Alliance for Responsible Citizenship |
| February 2025 | Washington | CPAC |
| June 2025 | London | a Heartland energy panel in Westminster |
| September 2025 | Washington | National Conservatism, alongside Russell Vought, an architect of Project 2025 |
| October 2025 | Michigan | Hillsdale College |
| March 2026 | Washington | Club for Growth, which raised $163 million for Republican candidates in 2024 |
| June 2026 | London | Alliance for Responsible Citizenship |
| July 2026 | London | CPAC Great Britain, as headliner |
| July 2026 | Washington | a “Redcoats and Rebels” Independence Day event |
Add the inauguration and two meetings at Mar-a-Lago, which he attended without speaking156. Over roughly the same two years he named his own constituency, Clacton, in the Commons six times, and used a quarter of his speeches there to back Trump’s attacks on British government policy156.
Several of those hosts helped write Project 2025, the blueprint for Trump’s second term. Heartland is one. It also ran a panel at Reform’s 2025 conference and says it advises the party on climate policy156. And it is not only Farage. DeSmog lists Reform’s head of policy James Orr, treasurer Nick Candy, MPs Danny Kruger and Suella Braverman, Zia Yusuf and Matt Goodwin as all having spoken for MAGA groups. Orr chairs the UK arm of the Edmund Burke Foundation, which runs the National Conservatism conferences, and Yusuf spoke at the Heritage Foundation, the body that convened Project 2025, promising Trump-style “mass deportations”156.
Over ten CPACs in his career. Six mentions of his own constituency since he was elected. He did not go for the weather. He went to learn the trade.
Here is how the trade works. Find people who have been let down, and have every right to be angry. Give them somebody to blame who is poorer than they are. Feed them a number. When the number collapses, feed them another. When anybody checks, call it a smear and call the checker the establishment. And send the bill to the same people you told you were fighting for. It worked in America. Reform is betting it works here, and the bet is that you will never read a policy paper, a Companies House filing or a register of interests.
This post is the reading.
Could They Pass Their Own Character Test?
Reform wants every settled migrant to pass a “good character” test to keep living here2. The Home Office already has one, for people applying to become British, and its caseworker guidance spells out what fails it257. So here is a thought experiment. Put Reform’s own figures through the Home Office’s own test.
| The Home Office test | What the guidance says | What the record holds |
|---|---|---|
| Criminality | refuse if someone has “not respected or are not prepared to abide by the law”, for example a conviction257 | Reform’s former leader in Wales, ten and a half years for bribery153 |
| Notoriety | includes “publicly expressing unsavoury views on a subject such as race, religion or sexuality”257 | “46% of British Muslims support Hamas”212; “I didn’t see another white face”141; “adverts full of black people”208 |
| Frankness | “Concealment of information or lack of frankness will raise doubt about, and therefore reflect poorly on, the applicant’s character”257 | a £5m gift not declared3; 17 late registrations100; two years of Arron Banks’s support declared after it ended147 |
| Respect for the law | as above257 | a decision as Housing Secretary conceded “unlawful by reason of apparent bias”138 |
| Financial soundness | “they have failed to pay taxes for which they were liable”257 | no HMRC finding against Tice, so on this one he passes |
A caseworker has to be reasonable, and the guidance says so257. Not every row would sink an application on its own, and these are British citizens who will never sit the test. That is the point. They are writing a character test for nurses and engineers that their own front bench would struggle with, and they will never have to take it.
No Charge Is Not A Clean Bill Of Health
Every time one of these goes quiet, somebody says “well, nobody was charged”. So let us be precise about what that means.
A decision not to charge is not a finding of innocence. The Crown Prosecution Service charges only when there is enough evidence for a realistic prospect of conviction and a prosecution is in the public interest258. A case that fails that test has not been tried. Nobody has been cleared. It has simply never been put in front of a court.
And most of what is in this post has not reached that point yet. The Met’s donations inquiry is open. Two people have been interviewed under caution and no charging decision has been made124. The Standards investigations into Farage and Tice are open76. The Jenrick donation is under investigation140. Gibbins goes on trial on 9th November211.
But some of it has reached a court or a regulator, and that is the part nobody can call a smear. Put the findings side by side:
| Who | Relationship to Reform | Finding |
|---|---|---|
| Nathan Gill | led Reform in Wales | the Old Bailey, November 2025: jailed for ten and a half years for bribery, the money traced to a friend of Putin153 |
| Ben Delo | second-biggest donor | US federal court, 2022: pleaded guilty to wilfully failing to run anti-money-laundering checks; later pardoned by Trump6466 |
| BitMEX | the exchange Delo co-founded | US Department of Justice, January 2025: fined $100 million under the Bank Secrecy Act65 |
| Tether | 12% owned by the biggest donor | New York Attorney General and the CFTC, 2021: $18.5 million settlement, and a $41 million fine for misstating its reserves6061 |
| Crispin Odey | gave Reform £10,000 in 2023 | the FCA and the Upper Tribunal, September 2026: banned from financial services as “unfit” and fined £1.53 million; the FCA made no finding on the allegations behind it, which he denies259 |
| Reform UK | the party itself | the Electoral Commission, September 2022: offences over its 2019 election spending report; no sanction260 |
| Robert Jenrick | Reform’s chancellor pick | the High Court, 2020: conceded his Westferry decision was “unlawful by reason of apparent bias”138 |
| Richard Tice | deputy leader | the Standards Commissioner, October 2026: breached the MPs’ code by not declaring the RFOI-funded Israel trip in a debate on pro-Israel influence; found “inadvertent”184 |
| Andy Osborn | Reform’s North East Cambridgeshire chairman, then a county councillor | Westminster Magistrates’ Court, April 2026: convicted under the Representation of the People Act of publishing a false statement about a rival candidate, fined and disqualified261 |
| Kent County Council | Reform-run since 2025 | the Information Commissioner, July 2026: broke freedom of information law over records of its “efficiency” drive, and was ordered to answer again262 |
From a Welsh leader to the donor list to the party’s own accounts, there is a finding at every level. One of those is bad luck. Ten is a type.
I am not going to tell you anybody is guilty of anything a court has not found. I will tell you what I think, and you can weigh it. A party that answers every question with “smear”, clears itself through its own barrister while the police are still looking, readmits the racists and expels the critics has not shown it has nothing to answer. It has shown it does not intend to.
Who Is Reform Actually For?
Not you. It never was.
Reform is a con, and not a clever one. It tells working people it is their party, then writes a plan that strips settled status off the nurse who has paid tax here for ten years, loads the whole benefit cut onto people of working age, and sets a salary bar its own donors will never have to clear. That is not standing up for working people. That is using them.
Follow the money and it only runs one way. In from a Thai national in Bangkok, and from a crypto boss who admitted wilfully running an exchange the US government called “in effect a money laundering platform”, got a pardon from Trump, and moved country to get round a donation cap. Up to a leader who pocketed £5 million he never declared, and £135,000 for four hours flogging gold. Four hours. No trade, no product, no graft. Just talk, and a lot of it rubbish, at a rate the nurse he wants on a renewable visa would need years to earn. Out to firms run by the party’s own insiders. And the bill lands on you.
So ask who a party answers to when three pounds in every four come from two men who live abroad. Not its members, who do not even control the company. Not its voters, whose reward is a renewable visa and a benefit cut. It answers to the people who can turn the money off. Look at what Reform fights for: no digital pound to threaten Tether, crypto taxed at 10%, the cap on overseas donors overturned, tax breaks for the defence industry. Every one of them lines up with what its paymasters own.
I cannot show you an order being given, and I am not claiming one was. I do not need to. A party that lives on two men’s money does not need telling what they want. It already knows. That is what a puppet looks like when it is done properly. Nobody has to pull the strings, because the puppet moves on its own.
They talk about taking back control. Then they handed it to a man in Bangkok and a man who only came home so he could keep paying, and they did it for the money.
These are not people with principles. Its chancellor-in-waiting wanted it out of business last year. Its leader’s line on Putin moves with the wind. Its deputy tells you not to “morally or voluntarily give more tax” than the law makes you. People with principles do not turn on a sixpence every time a donor, a poll or a headline needs them to. People with a price do, and the register shows you who is paying it.
And look at the double standard, because it is the whole party in one table.
| What Reform demands of a settled migrant | What Reform’s own circle has on its record |
|---|---|
| pass a “good character” test or lose the right to stay | its former Wales leader, ten and a half years for taking bribes traced to a friend of Putin |
| no criminality | a friend of Farage, convicted of wire fraud in the US, who paid for social media, accommodation and security around his 2024 campaign and lent Tice’s company £78,100 |
| respect the law | its second-biggest donor, who admitted wilfully failing to run the anti-money-laundering checks American law requires, and walked away with a Trump pardon |
| frankness with the authorities | a leader with £5 million undeclared and 17 late registrations |
| earn above the median or leave | a leader paid £135,000 for four hours of talking |
None of those people would get past the caseworker Reform wants standing over the nurse. One rule for her. Another for them. That is not a slip. That is the design.
And not one of them has ever had to do an honest day’s graft to make something you could pick up and hold. Look at what is in this post. The leader is paid to talk. The deputy makes his money from property and dividends. The chancellor-in-waiting has made a career of politics. Hand any of them a set of tools and a week on a site, a ward or a production line, and see how far the talk gets them. Yet these are the men telling a care worker she has to prove she has earned her place.
And here is the part that should stop you cold. Plenty of the people who do that graft, who build, fix, lift and care for a living, are voting for them. Reform’s strongest vote is among the people with the fewest qualifications254, the ones most likely to be doing exactly that work. They are being sold a party by men who could not do their jobs, paid for by men who do not live here, that would cut the support and the status of the people working on the line beside them. It is turkeys voting for Christmas. And the reason they cannot see the oven is that Reform has handed them somebody to hate instead. Muslims at prayer. Black faces in an advert. The migrant nurse on the next ward. Point people’s anger at the person working beside them and they stop looking at who is picking their pocket. That is the con at its finest, and it runs on bigotry the party stirs up on purpose. The people it robs are the ones cheering it on.
And a lot of them are on the very benefits Reform would cut. Reform leads among disabled voters263. The seats it is trying to take from Labour are disproportionately the ones where people rely most on health-related benefits264. Every Reform MP has a majority smaller than the number of people claiming PIP in their own constituency265, and PIP is the benefit Reform would scrap for an allowance that could shut out up to two-thirds of the people on it11. They are queueing up to vote their own support away, and cheering while they do it.
And when they need looking after, who does Reform think will do it? In 2023 three in ten NHS nurses in England and more than a third of NHS doctors were not UK nationals266. Social care has lost 130,000 British workers since 2020/21267, and for years the gap was filled by people recruited from abroad to do the job, 105,000 of them in 2023/24 alone268. Those are the people Reform would put back on a renewable visa with a salary bar above median earnings. Deport the carers and the disabled Reform voter does not just lose a benefit. They lose the person who comes in to wash them, feed them and get them out of bed. Nobody in Reform has said who replaces them, because nobody in Reform will ever need one they cannot pay for.
Call it what it is. A party that lets councillors back in within months of racist posts, promotes one of them to run adult social care, and throws its critics out in days, is a racist party, whatever its press office puts out. It has been told. It has been filmed. It chose.
And every time it gets caught, it cries smear. Seven of the twelve stories it called smears stood up. Crying smear at a story that turns out to be true is not a defence. It is admitting you have nowt else.
Patriotism? Give over. A party bankrolled from Bangkok and Hong Kong, lining up at MAGA rallies, that would throw out people who live, work and pay tax here while billionaires who left decades ago keep it in business. That is not patriotism. It is a flag wrapped round a bank account.
And voting for it is not patriotism either. A patriot looks after the people who keep this country running, the nurse, the engineer, the care worker, whatever passport they started out with. Handing your vote to a party that would turf them out, paid for by men who do not live here, is not loving your country. It is being used against it. Neither the men at the top nor the people putting them there are patriots, whatever flag they wave.
So, who is Reform actually for? The names on the register. Read it. If yours is not there, neither is your interest.
Reform UK — The Cost of the Boriswave — party policy paper, April 2026: ILR holders “will have it rescinded”, salary thresholds “above median UK earnings”, “£154 bn if discounted at the 3.5% rate suggested by the HM Treasury Green Book”. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Reform UK — Policies (archived 19th October 2026) — “abolish ILR and rescind existing awards”, “5 year renewable visa”, pensioners with sufficient National Insurance keep residence and the State Pension. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Nigel Farage was given undisclosed £5m by crypto billionaire in 2024 — 29th April 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Members’ Financial Interests: Nigel Farage — read through the interests API, 28th October 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Full Fact — Daily Mail corrects report about Reform UK’s disputed immigration savings — 3rd October 2025; the think tank said “the overall cost estimates should no longer be used”. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Euronews — Reform UK pledges to strip all foreign nationals of benefits — 17th August 2026; the benefits on the citizens-only list, including Pension Credit. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
IFS — Reform UK’s plan for welfare: IFS response (archived) — 17th August 2026; “almost entirely from a working-age benefits bill”, 1.3 million non-UK citizens on Universal Credit. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
DWP — Benefit expenditure and caseload tables 2026 — Spring Forecast 2026; 2025/26 Great Britain total £309.06bn, pensioners £177.65bn, State Pension £146.07bn, working age £126.08bn. ↩︎
LBC — Farage guarantees the triple lock on pensions — 2nd April 2026, with the earlier “open for debate” and “we’re not guaranteeing the triple lock” remarks. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
STV News — Reform’s welfare pledges aim to please pensioners — 17th August 2026; “nothing that we talk about today is about pensioners”. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Week — Are welfare cuts Reform’s stumbling block? — August 2026; PIP replaced by a “health security allowance” that “could exclude up to two-thirds of current recipients”, 20 hours of community work. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
DWP — Universal Credit statistics, 29th April 2013 to 14th May 2026 — “3.1 million people on Universal Credit in any employment … in April 2026, which was 37.7% of all people on Universal Credit”. ↩︎
IFS — Reform UK manifesto: initial reaction (archived) — June 2024; quoted in The Irish Times, 17th June 2024. ↩︎
Left Foot Forward — Reform to U-turn on £90 billion tax cuts — October 2025; Tice on Times Radio: “A manifesto is based on a point in time.” ↩︎ ↩︎
Irish News (PA) — Reform could deport 600,000 asylum seekers under immigration plan — 26th August 2025. ↩︎
Big Issue — Reform UK’s £50 billion benefits plan — August 2026; Tom Waters of the IFS. ↩︎
Energy Live News — Reform promises to scrap green levies and VAT on energy bills — 17th March 2026, about £200. ↩︎
Energy Live News — Reform UK say they will cut bills by £150 with levy change — 7th September 2026. ↩︎
Full Fact — Did Reform UK break its promises on council tax? — 9th April 2026, updated 6th May 2026: 3.94% against 4.86%. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian (via inkl) — Reform-run Kent council accused of fabricating £40m net zero savings — February 2026. ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Reform defends savings claim amid questions on scope of welfare plans — 22nd September 2025. ↩︎
LBC — Jenrick says he wants to put Reform UK out of business — 28th August 2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
BBC News — Reform UK names Robert Jenrick as pick for chancellor — 17th February 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
HuffPost UK — Farage says Putin is his most admired leader — 31st March 2014. ↩︎ ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Farage calls Putin ‘very bad dude’ — 16th October 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — 11694875, persons with significant control — the company that began as The Brexit Party Limited; Farage and Tice shareholdings to 19th February 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Nigel Farage hands ownership of Reform to members, says party — 20th February 2025. ↩︎
Companies House — Reform UK Party Limited (16260766), filing history — audited accounts for 2025, filed 30th September 2026: note 20 “two members”, note 19 the £15 and £1 transfers, membership income £4,524,299, surplus £7,660,122. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian (via inkl) — Not-for-profit appears to own Reform UK despite Farage’s “democratisation” pledge — February 2025; Farage and Zia Yusuf are guarantors of the new company. ↩︎
Companies House — Reform UK Party Limited (16260766), officers — Farage director from 18th February 2025; Yusuf resigned 5th June 2025. ↩︎
Byline Times — Chairman Farage: how Reform UK operates as a democratic party in name only — 18th August 2026; the constitution adopted in September 2025, Articles 4.3 and 6.20. ↩︎ ↩︎
Left Foot Forward — Nigel Farage sets up a new private company for Reform UK — February 2025; Habib to the FT: “puts Farage’s leadership in a virtually unassailable position”. ↩︎
Electoral Commission — donations register — Reform UK and Brexit Party (PP7931) donations and loans, read 28th October 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Independent (via inkl) — Data reveals the percentage of Reform donors recently based overseas — 27th October 2026; 80% for Reform, 3.57% Conservatives, 0.15% Labour. ↩︎
Channel 4 News — How a crypto billionaire used ‘gaping loopholes’ to bankroll Reform — 27th July 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Christopher Harborne, the mystery billionaire bankrolling Reform UK — 25th April 2026; Thai nationality in 2011 as Chakrit Sakunkrit. ↩︎ ↩︎
BBC News — Second crypto billionaire matches £36m Reform donation — 12th September 2026; Tice: “so that the Labour Party can’t legislate against it”. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Searchlight — Crypto billionaire quits Hong Kong to bankroll Reform UK — 9th April 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
GOV.UK — Cap on donations from overseas electors and ban on crypto donations — 25th March 2026; £100,000 a year. ↩︎
Political Parties and Elections Act 2009, section 10 — “resident, ordinarily resident and domiciled in the United Kingdom”, status “Prospective”. ↩︎ ↩︎
Newcastle City Council — Elections Act 2022: overseas electors — the 15-year limit removed from 16th January 2024. ↩︎
The Rycroft Review — countering foreign financial influence and interference in UK politics — March 2026, paragraphs 39, 51 to 53. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Council of Europe — Recommendation Rec(2003)4 on common rules against corruption in the funding of political parties — Article 7, donations from foreign donors. ↩︎
International IDEA — written submission to the Australian Parliament — 2017; 63% of countries ban foreign donations to parties. ↩︎ ↩︎
NHPR (NPR/AP) — Lev Parnas sentenced to 20 months — 29th June 2022. ↩︎
Courthouse News — Trump donor sentenced to 12 years for unlawful campaign contributions — 18th February 2021. ↩︎
Venice Commission and OSCE/ODIHR — Guidelines on Political Party Regulation, 2nd edition — December 2020, paragraphs 229 and 230. ↩︎
gov.ie — Political donations — Irish citizens abroad may donate; €3,100 a year limit to a party. ↩︎
Elections Canada — contribution limits 2026 — citizens and permanent residents only, $1,775. ↩︎
US Federal Election Commission — Foreign nationals — US citizens abroad may give within federal limits. ↩︎
Eastern Eye — Reform candidate faces backlash over comments on British identity — 28th January 2026, quoting Matt Goodwin’s earlier writing. ↩︎
Yorkshire Post — Yorkshire-born billionaire Christopher Harborne donates £36m to Reform — 12th September 2026. ↩︎
Al Jazeera — Second crypto billionaire donates record sum to Reform UK — 12th September 2026. ↩︎
Reason (Volokh Conspiracy) — Cryptocurrency trader’s defamation lawsuit against Wall Street Journal can go forward — Delaware Superior Court, December 2024: “Harborne owned 12% of Bitfinex and its sister company Tether”. ↩︎ ↩︎
QinetiQ — Holding(s) in Company, 9th June 2026 — Klear Kite LLC, “ultimately controlled by Christopher Harborne”, 14.98%. ↩︎ ↩︎
GOV.UK — Major £1.5 billion defence contract with British firm — 23rd May 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — AML Global Payments LLP (OC305889), persons with significant control. ↩︎
The Guardian — Arms and the £5m man: Christopher Harborne’s military empire — 30th August 2026, with Reform’s and his lawyers’ responses. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — The £1m man: why did Boris Johnson take his donor to Ukraine? — 10th October 2025. ↩︎
New York Attorney General — Bitfinex and Tether settlement — 23rd February 2021. ↩︎ ↩︎
CFTC — Tether and Bitfinex ordered to pay fines — 15th October 2021; reserves “for only 27.6% of the days”. ↩︎ ↩︎
UNODC — Casinos, Money Laundering, Underground Banking, and Transnational Organized Crime in East and Southeast Asia — January 2024. ↩︎
The Guardian — Cryptocurrency linked to Farage donor used for Russian war effort — 21st November 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
US Department of Justice, SDNY — Founders of cryptocurrency exchange plead guilty to Bank Secrecy Act violations (archived) — 24th February 2022. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
US Department of Justice — BitMEX fined $100 million for violating the Bank Secrecy Act — January 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
US Department of Justice — Clemency grants by President Donald J. Trump — Benjamin Delo, 27th March 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — British crypto billionaire Ben Delo says he has given £4m to Reform UK — 8th April 2026. ↩︎
The Guardian — Nigel Farage trying to block Britcoin plans — 18th June 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Byline Times — Crypto investor donates £9 million to Reform UK after Nigel Farage plugs his company — 4th December 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Block — Nigel Farage pledges UK bitcoin reserve and crypto capital gains tax cut — May 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Political donations in cryptocurrency blocked — 25th March 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Farage said he would need ‘a million a year’ to stand as an MP in 2024 — 15th July 2026; the gift dated 5th April 2024 by Harborne’s lawyers. ↩︎ ↩︎
Protos — Farage says £5m Harborne gift was reward for Brexit — 14th May 2026. ↩︎
The Guardian — Tories ask HMRC to investigate Farage over £5m gift — 22nd July 2026. ↩︎
The Guardian — Standards watchdog investigation into Nigel Farage’s financial gifts — 14th August 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards — allegations currently under investigation — read 28th October 2026: Farage (opened 13th May 2026, Rule 5), Tice (opened 20th August 2026, Rule 13). ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Nigel Farage questions claim of second standards investigation — 1st September 2026; Cottrell “paid for social media work, accommodation and security before the 2024 election”. ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Farage concluded he faced stitch-up amid probe into £5m gift, Jenrick says — 9th July 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Left Foot Forward — Reform gains financial backing from another billionaire — July 2026, quoting the Telegraph; Swiss tax residence and the planned move. ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Interests, entry 14397 — Sasan Ghandehari, “Accreditation (£50,482.16) cost for me and one staffer”, Davos, January 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian (via inkl) — Nigel Farage’s trip to Davos hosted and paid for by family trust of billionaire — January 2026; “the $10bn family trust of an Iranian-born billionaire”. ↩︎
Electoral Commission — donations from Interior Architecture Landscape Ltd — seven gifts totalling £200,000, 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — Interior Architecture Landscape Ltd (08363406), persons with significant control. ↩︎ ↩︎
Left Foot Forward — Labour MP calls for Companies House to probe origins of £200,000 gift to Reform — February 2026, quoting the FT and the statements from Ghandehari’s lawyer and the firm. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Iran International — Reform UK donor had ties to Iran supreme leader-linked foundation, Guardian reports — 23rd October 2026, reporting the Guardian’s investigation of a French arbitration ruling; Ori Group 49%, Astan Quds Razavi 51%; Orico General Trading; the lawyers’ response. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Byline Times — Reform UK donations from collapsing firms are “not under investigation”, says elections watchdog — 3rd July 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — FK Building Limited (12545681), filing history. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Electoral Commission — donation C0835464 — FK Building Ltd, £100,000, 8th October 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — FK Group Limited (07732053) — in administration; FK Construction (09890502) and FK Facades (02874877) likewise. ↩︎
Building — More than 50 jobs saved after administrators appointed at facades firm FK Group — 54 jobs transferred to Keenan Holdings. ↩︎
Companies House — Keenan Holdings Limited (11920973), persons with significant control — Deborah Ruth Keenan, 75% or more. ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — FK Building Limited, insolvency — creditors’ voluntary liquidation from 6th July 2026; statement of affairs: deficiency £3,149,939, HMRC £25,618 and £384,029. ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — FK Resolv Ltd (08222605), persons with significant control — FK Group ceased, FKR Group Limited notified, 16th October 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — FKR Group Limited (17302053) — incorporated 25th June 2026; Francis Anthony Keenan, 75% or more. ↩︎ ↩︎
Byline Times — Reform UK accounts raise fresh questions about origins of Richard Tice donations — 7th August 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Nigel Farage declares £270,000 payment for promoting gold bullion. ↩︎
Byline Times — Gold firm that employs Nigel Farage predicts unrest and violence under a Reform government — 25th August 2026; £685,500 since December 2024. ↩︎
The Guardian — Nigel Farage uses private company to pay less tax on GB News earnings — 5th September 2025. ↩︎
Companies House — Thorn In The Side Ltd (07650770) — accounts to 31st May 2025: net assets £3,144,967; note 8, a studio lease from a director at £10,000 a year. ↩︎
Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards — rectification, Mr Nigel Farage MP — 20th January 2026; seventeen breaches of Rule 5, “inadvertent”. ↩︎ ↩︎
Byline Times — Reform UK paid £440,000 to firms linked to party insiders — 14th August 2026. ↩︎
Electoral Commission — spending search — Reform UK campaign spending returns, totalled by supplier: £440,571.23 across five firms; Jupiter’s £50,000 donation is C0836534. ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Interests, entry 13453 — BTC Inc, £7,410, received 22nd September 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
Protos — Reform UK pulls crypto bill from website — removed 30th May 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Interests, entry 13771 — Blockworks Inc, £30,000, 2 hours, 13th October 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Interests, entry 13773 — Zebu Group Ltd, £20,000, 2 hours, 22nd October 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
Byline Times — Nigel Farage took £50,000 from crypto firms, then said he was not aware of the industry funding his party — 22nd May 2026; the Reuters answer was about party donors, not his own fees. ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Interests, entry 15047 — “Shares in Stack BTC PLC that are wholly owned by Thorn in the Side Ltd.”; also entry 15050. ↩︎ ↩︎
Stack BTC plc — Strategic investment by Nigel Farage MP (Investegate) — the company’s announcement and Farage’s quote. ↩︎
The Guardian — Nigel Farage Cameo videos backed cryptocurrencies that collapsed in value — 19th March 2026; the spokesman’s response. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
US Attorney, Southern District of New York — Founder of Celsius sentenced to 12 years for fraud and market manipulation — 8th May 2025; “At times, they used customer deposits to fund these market purchases.” ↩︎
UNODC — Inflection Point (2025) — losses “up to an estimated US $37 billion” in East and Southeast Asia. ↩︎
Tether — freezes and law enforcement support — Tether’s own figures: more than $5 billion frozen, 340+ agencies. ↩︎
Byline Times — The elections watchdog doesn’t know where Reform UK’s crypto donations are coming from — 16th March 2026. ↩︎
City of London Police — UK victims lost £2.4 million every day to investment fraud in 2025 — April 2026. ↩︎
Police Professional — investment fraud figures for 2024 — crypto “66 per cent of all reports”; “Those aged 55-64 suffered the greatest financial losses”. ↩︎
FCA — Crypto basics — “you should be prepared to lose all your money”. ↩︎
Companies House — CLS Holdings plc (02714781), officers — Tice a director from 11th May 2010 to 7th April 2014. ↩︎
Companies House — Quidnet REIT Ltd (09718143), filing history — accounts for 2025, filed 29th September 2026. ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Members’ Financial Interests: Richard Tice — Quidnet REIT fee, shareholdings. ↩︎
BBC News — Richard Tice defends company’s tax arrangements — 15th March 2026. ↩︎
BBC News — Tice company did not withhold tax on dividends — 12th April 2026. ↩︎
Companies House — Britain Means Business Ltd (10893794) — formerly Leave Means Leave Ltd; micro-entity accounts, net assets £28,864 (2023) and £10,479 (2024). ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
STV News (ITV/PA) — Met Police investigate donations by Richard Tice company to Reform UK — 26th July 2026; Electoral Commission referral February 2025, two interviewed under caution. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
LBC — Police investigate £500,000 in donations to Reform UK from Richard Tice firm. ↩︎
Shropshire Star (PA) — Tice claims politically motivated smear amid scrutiny of Reform UK finances — July 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Companies House — Leave.EU Group Ltd (09763501), officers — Tice a director from 29th January 2016 to 25th May 2017. ↩︎
Full Fact — EU referendum Electoral Commission fines — Leave.EU’s £70,000 fine reduced on appeal to £66,000. ↩︎
The Guardian — Richard Tice, Reform loan and George Cottrell: standards watchdog — 29th July 2026. ↩︎
Companies House — Richard Tice, appointments — co-directors across Quidnet, Enjoyouretirement and Galecroft companies. ↩︎
The Guardian — Standards watchdog investigating Reform’s Richard Tice — 3rd August 2026. ↩︎
The Guardian — Robert Jenrick rules out Tory pact with Reform UK — 25th April 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Robert Jenrick defects to Reform after Tory sacking — 15th January 2026. ↩︎
BBC News — Robert Jenrick joins Reform UK — 15th January 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
LBC — Read in full: Robert Jenrick’s speech — January 2026. ↩︎
BBC News — Jenrick releases documents on Westferry decision — 24th June 2020. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Richard Desmond housing project unlawfully approved — 27th May 2020. ↩︎
BBC News — Westferry: Jenrick admits decision was unlawful — 11th June 2020; “unlawful by reason of apparent bias”, Desmond’s £12,000 donation. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
BBC News — Westferry approval to be quashed — 27th May 2020. ↩︎
The Guardian — Police investigate £37,500 donation to Jenrick leadership campaign — 8th July 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Jenrick complained of not seeing another white face in Handsworth — 6th October 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Independent — Robert Jenrick on protester at Reform conference — 6th September 2026. ↩︎
HuffPost UK — Jenrick says Reform supporter who attacked woman should get a medal — 10th September 2026. ↩︎
The Independent — Statistics Authority on Jenrick’s modern slavery claim — 6th July 2023. ↩︎
The Observer — Ukip leader Nigel Farage boasts of his £2m in expenses — 24th May 2009. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Nigel Farage’s EU salary docked over claim he misspent public funds — 12th January 2018; VoteWatch ranking and the EFDD response. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
European Parliament — Declaration of financial interests, Nigel Farage, revision 4 — dated 1st July 2019. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Independent — EU authorities asked to investigate Farage over Arron Banks gifts — 19th May 2019. ↩︎
EU General Court — Case T-564/11, Farage v Parliament and Buzek — order of 5th September 2012. ↩︎
The Independent — Farage referred to advisory committee over Banks support — 21st May 2019. ↩︎
Court of Justice of the EU — press release 138/19, Case T-48/17 ADDE v Parliament — 7th November 2019; the 2016 decision annulled for lack of impartiality. ↩︎
EU General Court — Case T-118/17, IDDE v Parliament — judgment of 8th February 2018, paragraphs 6, 9 and 55. ↩︎
Judiciary of England and Wales — R v Nathan Gill, sentencing remarks — 21st November 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Al Jazeera — Ex-leader of Reform UK in Wales jailed for 10 years over pro-Russia bribes — 21st November 2025. ↩︎
LBC — Nigel Farage says the West provoked Russia to invade Ukraine — 21st June 2024. ↩︎
DeSmog — Nigel Farage has spoken at 15 Donald Trump and MAGA events since the 2024 election — 20th August 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
US House Judiciary Committee — Europe’s Threat to American Speech and Innovation — 3rd September 2025. ↩︎
Gazette — Clacton MP meets Donald Trump — 4th September 2025. ↩︎
ITV News (archived) — Elon Musk says Nigel Farage doesn’t have what it takes to lead Reform — 5th January 2025. ↩︎
Electoral Commission — donation V0598867 — Christopher Harborne to Nigel Farage, £27,616.76, accepted 17th January 2025, “Second inauguration of Donald Trump”. ↩︎ ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Interests, entry 13939 — Bassim Haidar, “Flights for me (£19,072.01) and two staffers (£35,849.01)”, US, 6th to 9th November 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
DeSmog — Nigel Farage’s donor-funded flights to Donald Trump — 26th January 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Interests, entry 14207 — UAE, 6th to 8th December 2025, “To attend the F1 and for meetings”; Government of Abu Dhabi £1,000, Abu Dhabi F1 £9,000. ↩︎ ↩︎
UK Parliament — Register of Interests, entry 13577 — Richard Tice, Israel, 26th to 30th September 2025, donor RFOI Ltd, £6,250, “Education and meetings with President and Foreign Minister”. ↩︎ ↩︎
London Assembly — Alex Wilson, gifts and hospitality — “Reform UK Delegation to Israel including flights, accommodation and meals”, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, £4,861.27. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Lancashire Lead — Reform UK’s Lancashire leader takes Israel trip, cancelled meetings — 30th November 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
Novara Media — Israel spent £50k on lobbying trips for Reform — 9th July 2026, citing Declassified UK; delegates and itinerary. ↩︎ ↩︎
Left Foot Forward — Kemi Badenoch and Nigel Farage to speak at climate denial festival — February 2025, the ARC conference line-up. ↩︎ ↩︎
DeSmog — Revealed: the Trump donors, Reform-backing billionaires and oil companies funding the Alliance for Responsible Citizenship — 24th June 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Block — Lutnick’s Cantor Fitzgerald negotiated a 5% ownership stake in Tether, WSJ. ↩︎ ↩︎
Fortune — Tether names Bo Hines to run its US stablecoin — 12th September 2025. ↩︎
Companies House — RFOI Limited (16521255), persons with significant control — and officers; SIC 70210, public relations. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Henry Jackson Society — Henry Jackson Society appoints Jason Pearlman as new Deputy Director — 2nd March 2018; “three and a half years as international media adviser to Israel’s President Reuven Rivlin”. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Jewish News — Jason Pearlman steps down as President’s media adviser. ↩︎
Jewish News — Nigel Farage’s party launching Reform Jewish Alliance and Friends of Israel groups — February 2026; Farage on Pearlman, “a real coup”. ↩︎
City AM — Top foreign policy analyst and Tory councillor jumps ship to Reform — November 2025; Mendoza, head of the Henry Jackson Society, to join Reform “as its chief adviser on global affairs”. ↩︎ ↩︎
Fitzrovia News — Second Westminster Conservative councillor defects to Reform UK — 20th November 2025; Mendoza “co-founder and executive director”; Farage: “an excellent addition”. ↩︎
DeSmog — Lois Perry — Heartland Institute UK/Europe launch, December 2024, Farage “special guest of honour”. ↩︎ ↩︎
Wikipedia — Lois Perry — UKIP leader May to June 2024; executive director of Heartland Institute UK/EU. ↩︎
Companies House — Tamares Real Estate Investments (UK) Limited (02792424), officers — Roy Zabludowicz, born March 1990, director from 18th June 2021, alongside Chaim Zabludowicz. ↩︎
Wikipedia — Poju Zabludowicz — Tamares, BICOM, Soltam, Conservative donations. ↩︎
Declassified UK — Friends of Israel groups have funded 56 trips for British politicians — 26th November 2025. ↩︎
JTA — Reform UK deputy leader faces inquiry over Israel visit — 4th August 2026. ↩︎
Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards — Mr Richard Tice MP, rectification, Rule 6 — published 27th October 2026; “the failure to declare this interest was a breach of Rule 6”. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — John Healey asks Nigel Farage if any of gift may have come from Russia-linked profits — 22nd May 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Unearthed (Greenpeace) — Christopher Harborne, jet fuel and Russian, Iranian oil — 1st July 2026, with The Times. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Richard Tice stayed with Tory donor Lubov Chernukhin — 10th October 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
NZ Herald — False Russian spy claim against top NZ businessman Christopher Chandler — and Law.com, the $8,000,001 verdict, 22nd October 2024. ↩︎
CNN — Reform UK faces criminal investigation — 9th September 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Al Jazeera — Why is Farage’s Reform accused of violating UK foreign funding rules? — 4th September 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Irish Times — Nigel Farage aides step down after undercover report — 4th September 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Euronews — Reform UK reported to police over claims of illegal donations — 4th September 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Channel 4 News — Met Police launch criminal investigation into Reform UK donations — 9th September 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Heart (Global) — Reform UK internal inquiry clears own adviser — 7th October 2026. ↩︎
LBC — Farage on foreign funding claims — September 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Wikipedia — GB News — “Marshall and Legatum jointly own the company through All Perspectives Ltd., in which they each own around 40%”; chairman Alan McCormick “a partner at Legatum”; the £60 million launch round. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Left Foot Forward — GB News reveals £22 million in new losses — March 2026; £22m loss in 2024/25, more than £130m since launch, £17.7m more from All Perspectives, revenue £26.2m. ↩︎ ↩︎
The New World — The GB News Files (PDF) — March 2026; 20 reviewers; Farage’s £585,000 and shareholding, Anderson’s £100,000, Goodwin’s by-election show, Andrew Neil. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
BBC News — Reform canvasser filmed by Channel 4 — 27th June 2024. ↩︎
HuffPost UK — Reform activists did not commit a criminal offence, police say — 3rd July 2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Ofcom will not investigate Channel 4 over Reform UK undercover sting — 3rd July 2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Farage claims bad apples are gone from Reform UK — 30th June 2024. ↩︎
ITV News (archived) — Inside Reform: councillors’ extreme and racist views on camera — 14th October 2026. ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Undercover footage shows Reform activist claiming Muslims cannot be British — 17th October 2026. ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Reform UK should take immediate action against racism, Burnham says — October 2026, with Reform’s statement. ↩︎
Express & Star — Reform UK kick Staffordshire County Council leader out of party — 5th December 2025. ↩︎
The JC — Reform mayoral candidate suspended after likening Jewish security group to Islamists on horseback — March 2026. ↩︎
LBC — Nigel Farage on Sarah Pochin’s adverts remarks — October 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
The National — Scottish Reform UK MSP who backed deporting Muslims elected — 8th May 2026. ↩︎
BBC News — Reform councillor expelled over posts — 11th May 2026. ↩︎
LBC — Reform councillor charged over pothole post — July 2026; trial listed for 9th November 2026, the charge denied. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Nigel Farage under fire after saying Muslims do not share British values — 26th May 2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Guardian — Nigel Farage condemned over call to ban public prayer for Muslims — 19th March 2026. ↩︎
YouGov — Do Britons think Reform UK are racist? — September 2025. ↩︎
YouGov — What do Britain’s ethnic minorities think of British politics? — October 2025. ↩︎
BBC News — Reform councillor’s whip restored — 10th February 2026. ↩︎
Blog Preston — Politician in charge of Lancashire’s care homes — June 2026. ↩︎
BBC News — Doncaster Reform councillor suspended over posts — 15th February 2026. ↩︎
Novara Media — Reform quietly readmits suspended councillors — 16th June 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — No charges to be brought against ex-Reform MP Rupert Lowe — 14th May 2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
Express & Star (PA) — Four Reform councillors suspended after footage of tense meeting leaked — 20th October 2025. ↩︎
IBTimes UK — ITV Exposure: Reform UK, Farage, Parry and vetting — 16th October 2026. ↩︎
The Daily Britain — ITV undercover Reform UK documentary — 19th October 2026. ↩︎
BreakingNews.ie (PA) — Farage insists no case to answer on undeclared £5 million gift — 6th May 2026. ↩︎
Newswav — Reform accused of failing to condemn racism after councillor’s Nigerians post — May 2026. ↩︎
Nation.Cymru (PA) — Jenrick blames Tory smear amid probe into leadership campaign donations — May 2026. ↩︎
IBTimes UK — Reform UK investigates members after ITV undercover report — 15th October 2026. ↩︎
LBC — Reform councillors and the ITV sting — October 2026. ↩︎
GB News — Nigel Farage responds to Coutts — 4th July 2023. ↩︎
BBC News — BBC apologises to Nigel Farage over Coutts report — 24th July 2023. ↩︎ ↩︎
The Spectator — Lowe brands Farage a ‘viper’ after charges dropped — 14th May 2025. ↩︎
Nation.Cymru (PA) — Reform UK branded ‘sinister’ for reporting journalists to police — 22nd October 2026. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Press Gazette — Reform says it has reported ITV to the police — 21st October 2026, with the NUJ statement. ↩︎
Chesney and Citron — Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security — California Law Review, 2019. ↩︎
Schiff, Schiff and Bueno — The Liar’s Dividend: Can Politicians Claim Misinformation to Evade Accountability? — American Political Science Review, 2024. ↩︎
Committee on Standards in Public Life — The Seven Principles of Public Life. ↩︎
House of Commons — Code of Conduct for Members, HC 1083 — “inspired and informed by the Seven Principles of Public Life”. ↩︎
Society of Editors — Society calls for reversal of Reform UK ban in Derbyshire — 1st October 2026. ↩︎
The London Economic — Reform become most referenced opposition party on BBC and ITV News at Ten — 15th December 2025; Cardiff University, September 2025: Reform 37, Conservatives 25; Farage 49 on ITV. ↩︎
The London Economic — Reform, with 0.7% of all MPs, featured in 25% of BBC’s recent 10pm news bulletins — 2nd November 2025; Cardiff University “Enhancing Impartiality” study, first six months of 2025, Lib Dems 17%. ↩︎
Nation.Cymru — Why isn’t the Greens’ growing success reflected in media coverage? — 28th February 2026, by the Cardiff University researchers Maxwell Modell, Matt Walsh and Stephen Cushion; items led in 2025, the BBC’s polling rationale, Greens 11% to 17%. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
BBC Editorial Guidelines — Impartiality — principles 2.2.6 and 2.2.7. ↩︎
Wikipedia — List of Question Time episodes, highest appearance makers — Farage 38 appearances, 1.9 a year; Clarke 1.4, Williams 1.7, Campbell 1.6, Harman 1.3, Kennedy 1.4. ↩︎
The London Economic — Nigel Farage set for 38th appearance on Question Time — 2nd December 2024. ↩︎
Prospect — GB News seems to have become Reform TV, and Ofcom hasn’t stopped it — Alan Rusbridger, 21st March 2026; Marshall and Legatum, Habib and Lowe, Ofcom dropping the Farage investigation. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Wikipedia — Legatum — “a private investment firm, headquartered in Dubai”, founded in 2006 by New Zealand-born Christopher Chandler, co-owner of GB News. ↩︎
The Nerve — For GB News’s funders, a £130m loss is a small price to pay for vast influence — £131m lost since mid-2021, £22m in the year to May 2025. ↩︎
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, section 54 — a permissible company donor must be registered under the Companies Act 2006, “incorporated within the United Kingdom”, and carry on “business in the United Kingdom”. ↩︎
Ofcom — Ofcom fines GB News £100,000 — 31st October 2024; Rules 5.11 and 5.12, “the seriousness and repeated nature of this breach”. ↩︎
Mishcon de Reya — High Court quashes Ofcom’s decisions against GB News — judgment of 28th February 2025 on the Rees-Mogg programmes. ↩︎
Snopes — Did Trump say ‘I love the poorly educated’? — Nevada caucus victory speech, 23rd February 2016; rated correct attribution. Also The Week. ↩︎
Pew Research Center — Behind Trump’s 2024 victory: voting patterns of validated voters — June 2025; non-college voters favoured Trump by 14 points, graduates Harris by 16. ↩︎
YouGov — How Britain voted in the 2024 general election — Reform 23% among those with GCSEs or lower, 8% among those with a higher level of education. ↩︎
YouGov — How would Britain vote two years since the 2024 election? — 2026; Reform 40% among GCSE or lower, fifth on 14% among graduates. ↩︎ ↩︎
Good Morning America (ABC) — Trump calls media ’enemy of the American people’ — 17th February 2017. ↩︎
Middle East Eye — Reform UK bans Middle East Eye journalist from party conference — 2nd September 2026; the Guardian’s Anna Isaac and Peter Geoghegan also barred. ↩︎
Home Office — Nationality: good character requirement, version 7.0 — caseworker guidance published 30th April 2026: criminality, notoriety, “lack of frankness”, financial soundness. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Crown Prosecution Service — The Code for Crown Prosecutors — the Full Code Test: a realistic prospect of conviction, then the public interest. ↩︎
FCA — Upper Tribunal upholds Crispin Odey ban — September 2026, “unfit to work in financial services”, fine £1,529,374; and the Decision Notice, March 2025. Odey’s £10,000 to Reform UK on 4th August 2023 is Electoral Commission entry C0572678. ↩︎
Electoral Commission (via Wired-Gov) — Investigations concluded, 27th September 2022 — Reform UK, “Failure to deliver a complete campaign spending report” and “Late payment of claims”, “No sanction”. ↩︎
Local Government Lawyer — Reform member found guilty over false statements about rival — April 2026. ↩︎
Information Commissioner — decision notice IC-411617-G3G8, Kent County Council — 16th July 2026. ↩︎
GB News — With Reform UK leading among disabled voters — Opinium, March 2025: Reform 29%, Labour 20% among disabled respondents (a subsample of 407). ↩︎
PoliticsHome — Labour seats at risk from Reform have higher rates of people relying on disability benefits — 3rd June 2025; Trussell analysis, 140 of 247 seats in the top third. ↩︎
The Spectator Australia — Can Reform really end benefits Britain? — August 2026; “every Reform MP has an electoral majority smaller than the number of PIP claimants living in their constituency”. ↩︎
The Guardian (via Eastern Eye) — One in five NHS staff in England are non-UK nationals — NHS Digital data for September 2023: 20.4% of staff, 30% of nurses and health visitors, 36.3% of doctors. ↩︎
LocalGov — Social care vacancy rate falls to decade low but challenges ahead — 24th June 2026, Skills for Care: posts filled by British nationals down 130,000 since 2020/21. ↩︎
Care Provider Alliance — The size and structure of the adult social care sector and workforce in England, July 2025 — summary of the Skills for Care report: international recruits fell from 105,000 in 2023/24 to 50,000 in 2024/25. ↩︎